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Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 08, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Entity Registrant Name	DISH Network CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001001082
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Public Float			$ 7,400,000,000
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Class A common stock
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		229,448,957
Class B common stock
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		238,435,208

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 887,346	$ 1,479,508
Marketable investment securities	1,181,471	501,165
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $16,966 and $15,511, respectively	639,855	653,948
Inventory	290,733	321,008
Other current assets	289,800	329,394
Total current assets	3,289,205	3,285,023
Noncurrent Assets:
Restricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities	67,597	72,407
Property and equipment, net	1,928,180	2,183,661
FCC authorizations	24,736,961	23,725,789
Other investment securities	118,992	113,460
Other noncurrent assets, net	446,077	393,426
Total noncurrent assets	27,297,807	26,488,743
Total assets	30,587,012	29,773,766
Current Liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	233,753	393,305
Deferred revenue and other	655,312	709,074
Accrued programming	1,474,207	1,571,273
Accrued interest	268,479	282,006
Other accrued expenses	802,388	803,822
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations	1,341,993	1,068,524
Total current liabilities	4,776,132	4,828,004
Long-Term Obligations, Net of Current Portion:
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current portion	13,810,784	15,134,441
Deferred tax liabilities	2,474,907	2,019,538
Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities	470,932	470,487
Total long-term obligations, net of current portion	16,756,623	17,624,466
Total liabilities	21,532,755	22,452,470
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (Note 2)	460,068	383,390
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit):
Additional paid-in capital	3,379,093	3,296,488
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(874)	882
Accumulated earnings (deficit)	5,212,790	3,635,380
Total DISH Network stockholders' equity (deficit)	8,595,688	6,937,414
Noncontrolling interests	(1,499)	492
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	8,594,189	6,937,906
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	30,587,012	29,773,766
Class A common stock
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit):
Common stock	2,295	2,280
Class B common stock
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit):
Common stock	$ 2,384	$ 2,384

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current Assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts on trade accounts receivable	$ 16,966	$ 15,511
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 86.08
Class A common stock
Current Assets:
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	1,600,000,000	1,600,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	229,448,857	228,033,671
Common stock, shares outstanding	229,448,857	228,033,671
Class B common stock
Current Assets:
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	800,000,000	800,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	238,435,208	238,435,208
Common stock, shares outstanding	238,435,208	238,435,208

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenue:
Total Revenue	$ 13,621,302	$ 14,391,375	$ 15,212,302
Costs and Expenses (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below - Note 8):
Subscriber-related expenses	8,544,577	8,919,985	8,913,624
Satellite and transmission expenses	576,568	658,017	710,719
Cost of sales - equipment and other	145,604	95,116	133,902
Subscriber acquisition costs:
Cost of sales - subscriber promotion subsidies	50,253	74,145	143,507
Other subscriber acquisition costs	292,824	579,272	709,772
Subscriber acquisition advertising	426,230	550,844	603,213
Total subscriber acquisition costs	769,307	1,204,261	1,456,492
General and administrative expenses	725,601	687,054	735,954
Litigation expense (Note 14)		295,695	21,148
Depreciation and amortization (Note 8)	712,024	817,564	921,202
Impairment of long-lived assets (Note 8)		145,918
Total costs and expenses	11,473,681	12,823,610	12,893,041
Operating income (loss)	2,147,621	1,567,765	2,319,261
Other Income (Expense):
Interest income	44,759	41,006	31,168
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(15,006)	(63,172)	(53,141)
Other, net	11,801	104,488	119,315
Total other income (expense)	41,554	82,322	97,342
Income (loss) before income taxes	2,189,175	1,650,087	2,416,603
Income tax (provision) benefit, net	(533,684)	515,320	(865,818)
Net income (loss)	1,655,491	2,165,407	1,550,785
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax	80,400	66,718	52,846
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network	$ 1,575,091	$ 2,098,689	$ 1,497,939
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - Class A and B common stock:
Basic (in shares)	467,350	466,021	464,807
Diluted (in shares)	525,832	522,596	484,162
Earnings per share - Class A and B common stock:
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network (in dollars per share)	$ 3.37	$ 4.50	$ 3.22
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network (in dollars per share)	$ 3.00	$ 4.07	$ 3.15
Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Net income (loss)	$ 1,655,491	$ 2,165,407	$ 1,550,785
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,343)	1,027
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	(529)	9,671	3,050
Recognition of previously unrealized (gains) losses on available-for-sale securities included in net income (loss)	(8)	(11,129)	(99,312)
Deferred income tax (expense) benefit, net	124	532	35,062
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,756)	101	(61,200)
Comprehensive income (loss)	1,653,735	2,165,508	1,489,585
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax	80,400	66,718	52,846
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to DISH Network	1,573,335	2,098,790	1,436,739
Subscriber-related revenue
Revenue:
Total Revenue	13,456,088	14,260,412	15,033,939
Equipment sales and other revenue
Revenue:
Total Revenue	$ 165,214	$ 130,963	$ 178,363

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 Additional Paid-In Capital	3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026	Convertible note hedges Additional Paid-In Capital	Convertible note hedges	2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 Additional Paid-In Capital	2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024	Class A and B Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Earnings (Deficit)	Treasury Stock	Noncontrolling Interest	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015							$ 5,203	$ 2,589,787	$ 61,981	$ 1,607,649	$ (1,569,459)	$ (1,000)	$ 266,243	$ 2,694,161
Issuance of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock awards							5	10,067						10,072
Employee benefits							4	25,142						25,146
Employee Stock Purchase Plan							2	8,551						8,553
Non-cash, stock-based compensation								13,037						13,037
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net									(96,262)					(96,262)
Deferred income tax (expense) benefit attributable to unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities									35,062					35,062
Payments made to parent of transferred businesses								(34,371)				(75)		(34,446)
Retirement of treasury stock							(562)			(1,568,897)	$ 1,569,459
Issuance of warrants								375,600						375,600
Net of deferred taxes	$ 487,521	$ 487,521	$ (400,113)	$ (400,113)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests												(550)		(550)
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network										1,497,939			53,397	1,497,939
Other								(3,796)				(601)	(6)	(4,397)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016							4,652	3,071,425	781	1,536,691		(2,226)	319,634	4,611,323
Issuance of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock awards							5	14,508						14,513
Employee benefits							4	23,160						23,164
Employee Stock Purchase Plan							3	14,058						14,061
Non-cash, stock-based compensation								29,941						29,941
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net									(1,458)					(1,458)
Deferred income tax (expense) benefit attributable to unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities									532					532
Payments made to parent of transferred businesses								(7,378)				274	6	(7,104)
Net of deferred taxes					$ 159,869	$ 159,869
Foreign currency translation									1,027					1,027
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests												2,969	63,750	2,969
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network										2,098,689				2,098,689
Other								(9,095)				(525)		(9,620)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017							4,664	3,296,488	882	3,635,380		492	383,390	6,937,906
Issuance of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock awards							3	4,243						4,246
Employee benefits							6	27,316						27,322
Employee Stock Purchase Plan							6	15,729						15,735
Non-cash, stock-based compensation								36,261						36,261
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net									(537)					(537)
Deferred income tax (expense) benefit attributable to unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities									124					124
Foreign currency translation									(1,343)					(1,343)
ASU 2014-09 cumulative catch-up adjustment \| ASU 2014-09										2,319				2,319
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests												3,722	76,678	3,722
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network										1,575,091				1,575,091
Other								(944)				(5,713)		(6,657)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018							$ 4,679	$ 3,379,093	$ (874)	$ 5,212,790		$ (1,499)	$ 460,068	$ 8,594,189

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026
Deferred tax related to equity component of convertible notes		$ 286,322
Convertible note hedges
Deferred tax related to equity component of convertible notes		$ 234,987
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024
Deferred tax related to equity component of convertible notes	$ 92,512

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$ 357,286	$ 385,321	$ 1,401,305	$ 390,075	$ 1,655,491	$ 2,165,407	$ 1,550,785	$ 1,550,785
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization					712,024	817,564	921,202
Impairment of long-lived assets						145,918
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments					(11,908)	(99,997)	(119,092)
Non-cash, stock-based compensation					36,261	29,941	13,037
Deferred tax expense (benefit)					454,699	(485,973)	506,808
Change in long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities					(3,303)	29,750	76,203
Other, net					(70,900)	(29,632)	9,573
Changes in current assets and current liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable					14,724	126,848	109,364
Allowance for doubtful accounts					(1,270)	(2,888)	(4,566)
Prepaid and accrued income taxes					93,618	(46,599)	(144,212)
Inventory					14,788	37,895	(43,157)
Other current assets					(46,772)	(63,154)	13,111
Trade accounts payable					(160,952)	(131,399)	33,976
Deferred revenue and other					(98,179)	(64,909)	(98,019)
Accrued programming and other accrued expenses					(70,480)	350,735	29,234
Net cash flows from operating activities					2,517,841	2,779,507	2,854,247
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of marketable investment securities					(1,403,890)	(566,373)	(345,210)
Sales and maturities of marketable investment securities					730,210	206,272	868,792
Settlement of derivative financial instruments							562,234
Purchases of property and equipment					(393,938)	(431,795)	(614,055)
Capitalized interest related to FCC authorizations (Note 2)					(922,759)	(953,498)	(724,329)
Purchases of FCC authorizations, including deposits (Note 14)						(4,711,154)	(1,500,000)
Purchases of strategic investments						(90,381)
Other, net					15,104	25,376	15,498
Net cash flows from investing activities					(1,975,273)	(6,521,553)	(1,737,070)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes							2,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes						1,000,000	3,000,000
Purchases of convertible note hedges							(635,100)
Proceeds from issuance of warrants							375,600
Redemption and repurchases of senior notes					(1,108,489)	(1,074,139)	(1,500,000)
Repayment of long-term debt and capital lease obligations					(42,767)	(42,422)	(43,521)
Payments made to parent of transferred businesses						(7,098)	(34,446)
Net proceeds from Class A common stock options exercised and stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan					19,981	28,574	18,625
Debt issuance costs						(6,158)	(26,622)
Other, net					(3,270)	(1,994)	(606)
Net cash flows from financing activities					(1,134,545)	(103,237)	3,153,930
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents					(591,977)	(3,845,283)	4,271,107
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period (Note 6)		$ 1,479,901		$ 5,325,184	1,479,901	5,325,184	1,054,077
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period (Note 6)	$ 887,924		$ 1,479,901		$ 887,924	$ 1,479,901	$ 5,325,184	$ 1,054,077

Organization and Business Activities	12 Months Ended
Organization and Business Activities	Dec. 31, 2018
Organization and Business Activities
Organization and Business Activities	1. Organization and Business Activities Principal Business DISH Network Corporation is a holding company. Its subsidiaries (which together with DISH Network Corporation are referred to as “DISH Network,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and/or “our,” unless otherwise required by the context) operate two primary business segments. Pay-TV We offer pay-TV services under the DISH® brand and the Sling® brand (collectively “Pay-TV” services). The DISH branded pay-TV service consists of, among other things, Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) licenses authorizing us to use direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) and Fixed Satellite Service (“FSS”) spectrum, our owned and leased satellites, receiver systems, broadcast operations, customer service facilities, a leased fiber optic network, in-home service and call center operations, and certain other assets utilized in our operations (“DISH TV”). We also design, develop and distribute receiver systems and provide digital broadcast operations, including satellite uplinking/downlinking, transmission and other services to third-party pay-TV providers. See Note 2 and Note 18 for further information. The Sling branded pay-TV services consist of, among other things, multichannel, live-linear streaming over-the-top (“OTT”) Internet-based domestic, international and Latino video programming services (“Sling TV”). As of December 31, 2018, we had 12.322 million Pay-TV subscribers in the United States, including 9.905 million DISH TV subscribers and 2.417 million Sling TV subscribers. In addition, we historically offered broadband services under the dishNET™ brand, which includes satellite broadband services that utilize advanced technology and high-powered satellites launched by Hughes Communications, Inc. (“Hughes”) and ViaSat, Inc. (“ViaSat”) and wireline broadband services. However, as of the first quarter 2018, we have transitioned our broadband business focus from wholesale to authorized representative arrangements, and we are no longer marketing dishNET broadband services. Our existing broadband subscribers will decline through customer attrition. Generally, under these authorized representative arrangements, we will receive certain payments for each broadband service activation generated and installation performed, and we will not incur subscriber acquisition costs for these activations. Wireless Since 2008, we have directly invested over $11 billion to acquire certain wireless spectrum licenses and related assets and made over $10 billion in non-controlling investments in certain entities, for a total of over $21 billion, as described further below. DISH Network Spectrum We have directly invested over $11 billion to acquire certain wireless spectrum licenses and related assets. These wireless spectrum licenses are subject to certain interim and final build-out requirements, as well as certain renewal requirements. In March 2017, we notified the FCC that we plan to deploy a next-generation 5G-capable network, focused on supporting narrowband Internet of Things (“IoT”), which is the first phase of our network deployment (“First Phase”). We expect to complete the First Phase by March 2020, with subsequent phases to be completed thereafter. As of December 31, 2018, we had entered into vendor contracts with multiple parties for, among other things, base stations, chipsets, modules, tower leases, the core network, Radio Frequency (“RF”) design, and deployment services for the First Phase. Among other things, initial RF design in connection with the First Phase is now complete, we have secured certain tower sites, and we are in the process of identifying and securing additional tower sites. The core network has been installed and commissioned. We installed the first base stations on sites in 2018, and plan to continue deployment until complete. We will need to make significant additional investments or partner with others to, among other things, commercialize, build-out, and integrate these licenses and related assets, and any additional acquired licenses and related assets; and comply with regulations applicable to such licenses. Depending on the nature and scope of such commercialization, build-out, integration efforts, and regulatory compliance, any such investments or partnerships could vary significantly. In addition, as we consider our options for the commercialization of our wireless spectrum, we will incur significant additional expenses and will have to make significant investments related to, among other things, research and development, wireless testing and wireless network infrastructure. We may also determine that additional wireless spectrum licenses may be required to commercialize our wireless business and to compete with other wireless service providers. See Note 14 for further information. DISH Network Non-Controlling Investments in the Northstar Entities and the SNR Entities Related to AWS-3 Wireless Spectrum Licenses During 2015, through our wholly-owned subsidiaries American AWS-3 Wireless II L.L.C. (“American II”) and American AWS-3 Wireless III L.L.C. (“American III”), we initially made over $10 billion in certain non-controlling investments in Northstar Spectrum, LLC (“Northstar Spectrum”), the parent company of Northstar Wireless, L.L.C. (“Northstar Wireless,” and collectively with Northstar Spectrum, the “Northstar Entities”), and in SNR Wireless HoldCo, LLC (“SNR HoldCo”), the parent company of SNR Wireless LicenseCo, LLC (“SNR Wireless,” and collectively with SNR HoldCo, the “SNR Entities”), respectively. On October 27, 2015, the FCC granted certain AWS-3 wireless spectrum licenses (the “AWS-3 Licenses”) to Northstar Wireless and to SNR Wireless, respectively, which are recorded in “FCC authorizations” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the applicable accounting guidance in Accounting Standards Codification 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”), Northstar Spectrum and SNR HoldCo are considered variable interest entities and, based on the characteristics of the structure of these entities and in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, we consolidate these entities into our financial statements. See Note 2 for further information. The AWS-3 Licenses are subject to certain interim and final build-out requirements, as well as certain renewal requirements. The Northstar Entities and/or the SNR Entities may need to raise significant additional capital in the future, which may be obtained from third party sources or from us, so that the Northstar Entities and the SNR Entities may commercialize, build-out and integrate these AWS-3 Licenses, comply with regulations applicable to such AWS-3 Licenses, and make any potential Northstar Re-Auction Payment and SNR Re-Auction Payment for the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC. Depending upon the nature and scope of such commercialization, build-out, integration efforts, regulatory compliance, and potential Northstar Re-Auction Payment and SNR Re-Auction Payment, any loans, equity contributions or partnerships could vary significantly. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain a profitable return on our non-controlling investments in the Northstar Entities and the SNR Entities. See Note 14 for further information.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

We consolidate all majority owned subsidiaries, investments in entities in which we have controlling influence and variable interest entities where we have been determined to be the primary beneficiary. Minority interests are recorded as noncontrolling interests or redeemable noncontrolling interests. See below for further information. Non-consolidated investments are accounted for using the equity method when we have the ability to significantly influence the operating decisions of the investee. When we do not have the ability to significantly influence the operating decisions of an investee, these equity securities are classified as either marketable investment securities or other investments and recorded at fair value with changes recognized in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

On February 28, 2017, we and EchoStar and certain of our respective subsidiaries completed the transactions contemplated by the Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) that was previously entered into on January 31, 2017 (the “Share Exchange”). Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, among other things, EchoStar transferred to us certain assets and liabilities of the EchoStar technologies and EchoStar broadcasting businesses, consisting primarily of the businesses that design, develop and distribute digital set-top boxes, provide satellite uplink services and develop and support streaming video technology, as well as certain investments in joint ventures, spectrum licenses, real estate properties and EchoStar’s ten percent non-voting interest in Sling TV Holding L.L.C. (the “Transferred Businesses”), and in exchange, we transferred to EchoStar the 6,290,499 shares of preferred tracking stock issued by EchoStar (the “EchoStar Tracking Stock”) and 81.128 shares of preferred tracking stock issued by Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, a subsidiary of EchoStar (the “HSSC Tracking Stock,” and together with the EchoStar Tracking Stock, collectively, the “Tracking Stock”), that tracked the residential retail satellite broadband business of Hughes Network Systems, L.L.C. (“HNS”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hughes. In connection with the Share Exchange, we and EchoStar and certain of their subsidiaries entered into certain agreements covering, among other things, tax matters, employee matters, intellectual property matters and the provision of transitional services. See Note 18 for further information.

As the Share Exchange was a transaction between entities that are under common control, accounting rules require that our Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of the Transferred Businesses for all periods presented, including periods prior to the completion of the Share Exchange. We initially recorded the Transferred Businesses at EchoStar’s historical cost basis. The difference between the historical cost basis of the Transferred Businesses and the net carrying value of the Tracking Stock was recorded in “Additional paid-in capital” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The results of the Transferred Businesses were prepared from separate records maintained by EchoStar for the periods prior to March 1, 2017, and may not necessarily be indicative of the conditions that would have existed, or the results of operations, if the Transferred Businesses had been operated on a combined basis with our subsidiaries. Our financial statements include the results of the Transferred Businesses as described above for all periods presented, including periods prior to the completion of the Share Exchange.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Northstar Wireless. Northstar Wireless is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Northstar Spectrum, which is an entity owned by Northstar Manager, LLC (“Northstar Manager”) and us. Under the applicable accounting guidance in ASC 810, Northstar Spectrum is considered a variable interest entity and, based on the characteristics of the structure of this entity and in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, we consolidate Northstar Spectrum into our financial statements. The Northstar Operative Agreements, as amended, provide for, among other things, that after the fifth and sixth anniversaries of the grant of the AWS-3 Licenses to Northstar Wireless (and in certain circumstances, prior to the fifth anniversary of the grant of the AWS-3 Licenses to Northstar Wireless), Northstar Manager has the ability, but not the obligation, to require Northstar Spectrum to purchase Northstar Manager’s ownership interests in Northstar Spectrum (the “Northstar Put Right”) for a purchase price that generally equals its equity contribution to Northstar Spectrum plus a fixed annual rate of return. In the event that the Northstar Put Right is exercised by Northstar Manager, the consummation of the sale will be subject to FCC approval. Northstar Spectrum does not have a call right with respect to Northstar Manager’s ownership interests in Northstar Spectrum. Although Northstar Manager is the sole manager of Northstar Spectrum, Northstar Manager’s ownership interest is considered temporary equity under the applicable accounting guidance and is thus recorded as part of “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” in the mezzanine section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Northstar Manager’s ownership interest in Northstar Spectrum was initially accounted for at fair value. Subsequently, Northstar Manager’s ownership interest in Northstar Spectrum is increased by the fixed annual rate of return through “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the offset recorded in “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The operating results of Northstar Spectrum attributable to Northstar Manager are recorded as “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the offset recorded in “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 14 for further information.

SNR Wireless. SNR Wireless is a wholly-owned subsidiary of SNR HoldCo, which is an entity owned by SNR Wireless Management, LLC (“SNR Management”) and us. Under the applicable accounting guidance in ASC 810, SNR HoldCo is considered a variable interest entity and, based on the characteristics of the structure of this entity and in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, we consolidate SNR HoldCo into our financial statements. The SNR Operative Agreements, as amended, provide for, among other things, that after the fifth and sixth anniversaries of the grant of the AWS-3 Licenses to SNR Wireless (and in certain circumstances, prior to the fifth anniversary of the grant of the AWS-3 Licenses to SNR Wireless), SNR Management has the ability, but not the obligation, to require SNR HoldCo to purchase SNR Management’s ownership interests in SNR HoldCo (the “SNR Put Right”) for a purchase price that generally equals its equity contribution to SNR HoldCo plus a fixed annual rate of return. In the event that the SNR Put Right is exercised by SNR Management, the consummation of the sale will be subject to FCC approval. SNR HoldCo does not have a call right with respect to SNR Management’s ownership interests in SNR HoldCo. Although SNR Management is the sole manager of SNR HoldCo, SNR Management’s ownership interest is considered temporary equity under the applicable accounting guidance and is thus recorded as part of “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” in the mezzanine section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. SNR Management’s ownership interest in SNR HoldCo was initially accounted for at fair value. Subsequently, SNR Management’s ownership interest in SNR HoldCo is increased by the fixed annual rate of return through “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the offset recorded in “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The operating results of SNR HoldCo attributable to SNR Management are recorded as “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the offset recorded in “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 14 for further information.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense for each reporting period. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other things, allowances for doubtful accounts, self-insurance obligations, deferred taxes and related valuation allowances, uncertain tax positions, loss contingencies, fair value of financial instruments, fair value of options granted under our stock-based compensation plans, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, relative standalone selling prices of performance obligations, capital leases, asset impairments, estimates of future cash flows used to evaluate impairments, useful lives of property, equipment and intangible assets, independent third-party retailer incentives, programming expenses and subscriber lives. Economic conditions may increase the inherent uncertainty in the estimates and assumptions indicated above. Actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts, and such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected prospectively in the period they occur.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all liquid investments purchased with a remaining maturity of 90 days or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 may consist of money market funds, government bonds, corporate notes and commercial paper. The cost of these investments approximates their fair value.

Marketable Investment Securities

Historically, we classified all marketable investment securities as available-for-sale, except for investments which were accounted for as trading securities and adjusted the carrying amount of our available-for-sale securities to fair value and reported the related temporary unrealized gains and losses as a separate component of “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” within “Total stockholders’ equity (deficit),” net of related deferred income tax on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our trading securities were carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 during the first quarter 2018, all equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). All debt securities are classified as available-for-sale. We adjust the carrying amount of our debt securities to fair value and report the related temporary unrealized gains and losses as a separate component of “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” within “Total stockholders’ equity (deficit),” net of related deferred income tax on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Declines in the fair value of a marketable debt security which are determined to be “other-than-temporary” are recognized on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), thus establishing a new cost basis for such investment.

We evaluate our debt investments portfolio on a quarterly basis to determine whether declines in the fair value of these securities are other-than-temporary. This quarterly evaluation consists of reviewing, among other things:

the fair value of our debt investments compared to the carrying amount,

the historical volatility of the price of each security, and

any market and company specific factors related to each security.

Declines in the fair value of debt investments below cost basis are generally accounted for as follows:


Length of Time Investment Has Been In a Continuous Loss Position		Treatment of the Decline in Value (absent specific factors to the contrary)
Less than six months		Generally, considered temporary.
Six to nine months		Evaluated on a case by case basis to determine whether any company or market-specific factors exist indicating that such decline is other-than-temporary.
Greater than nine months		Generally, considered other-than-temporary. The decline in value is recorded as a charge to earnings.

Additionally, in situations where the fair value of a debt security is below its carrying amount, we consider the decline to be other-than-temporary and record a charge to earnings if any of the following factors apply:

we have the intent to sell the security,

it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before maturity or recovery, or

we do not expect to recover the security’s entire amortized cost basis, even if there is no intent to sell the security.

In general, we use the first in, first out method to determine the cost basis on sales of marketable investment securities.

Trade Accounts Receivable

Management estimates the amount of required allowances for the potential non-collectability of accounts receivable based upon past collection experience and consideration of other relevant factors. However, past experience may not be indicative of future collections and therefore additional charges could be incurred in the future to reflect differences between estimated and actual collections.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. The cost of manufactured inventory includes the cost of materials, labor, freight-in, royalties and manufacturing overhead. Net realizable value is calculated as the estimated selling price less reasonable costs necessary to complete, sell, transport and dispose of the inventory.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at amortized cost less impairment losses, if any. Our set-top boxes are generally capitalized when they are installed in customers’ homes. The costs of satellites under construction, including interest and certain amounts prepaid under our satellite service agreements, are capitalized during the construction phase, assuming the eventual successful launch and in-orbit operation of the satellite. If a satellite were to fail during launch or while in-orbit, the resultant loss would be charged to expense in the period such loss was incurred. The amount of any such loss would be reduced to the extent of insurance proceeds estimated to be received, if any. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over useful lives ranging from two to 40 years. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense when incurred. Renewals and improvements that add value or extend the asset’s useful life are capitalized. Costs related to the procurement and development of software for internal-use are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review our long-lived assets and identifiable finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For assets which are held and used in operations, the asset would be impaired if the carrying amount of the asset (or asset group) exceeded its undiscounted future net cash flows. Once an impairment is determined, the actual impairment recognized is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value as estimated using one of the following approaches: income, cost and/or market. Assets which are to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flows from such asset or asset group is less than its carrying amount. In that event, a loss is recorded in “Impairment of long-lived assets” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset or asset group. Fair value, using the income approach, is determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model that uses the estimated cash flows associated with the asset or asset group under review, discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Fair value, utilizing the cost approach, is determined based on the replacement cost of the asset reduced for, among other things, depreciation and obsolescence. Fair value, utilizing the market approach, benchmarks the fair value against the carrying amount. See Note 8 for further information.

DBS Satellites. We currently evaluate our DBS satellite fleet for impairment as one asset group whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. We do not believe any triggering event has occurred which would indicate impairment as of December 31, 2018.

AWS-4 Satellites. We currently evaluate our AWS-4 satellite fleet for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. We do not believe any triggering event has occurred which would indicate impairment as of December 31, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we wrote down the net book value of the T1 satellite to its estimated fair value as of December 31, 2017 and recorded a $146 million impairment charge in “Impairment of long-lived assets” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We did not believe any triggering event occurred which would indicate impairment as of December 31, 2016. See Note 8 for further information.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill

We do not amortize indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill but test these assets for impairment annually, during the fourth quarter or more often if indicators of impairment arise. We have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. However, we may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. Intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment as described above for long-lived assets. Our intangible assets with indefinite lives primarily consist of FCC licenses. Generally, we have determined that our DBS licenses have indefinite useful lives due to the following:

FCC licenses are a non-depleting asset;

existing FCC licenses are integral to our business segments and will contribute to cash flows indefinitely;

replacement DBS satellite applications are generally authorized by the FCC subject to certain conditions, without substantial cost under a stable regulatory, legislative and legal environment;

maintenance expenditures to obtain future cash flows are not significant;

FCC licenses are not technologically dependent; and

we intend to use these assets indefinitely.

DBS Licenses. We combine all of our indefinite-lived DBS licenses that we currently utilize or plan to utilize in the future into a single unit of accounting. For 2018, 2017 and 2016, management performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the DBS licenses exceeds its carrying amount. In our assessment, we considered several qualitative factors, including, among others, overall financial performance, industry and market considerations, and relevant company specific events. In contemplating all factors in their totality, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the DBS licenses exceeds its carrying amount. As such, no further analysis was required.

Wireless Spectrum Licenses. We currently combine our 600 MHz, 700 MHz, AWS-4 and H Block wireless spectrum licenses and the Northstar Licenses and SNR Licenses into a single unit of accounting. These wireless spectrum licenses were assessed quantitatively in 2018. Our quantitative assessment consisted of both an income approach and a market approach. The income approach estimated the fair value of these licenses using the “Greenfield” approach. The Greenfield approach values the licenses by calculating the cash flow generating potential of a hypothetical start-up company that goes into business with no assets except the licenses to be valued. A discounted cash flow analysis is used to estimate what a marketplace participant would be willing to pay to purchase the aggregated wireless licenses as of the valuation date. The market approach uses prior transactions including auctions to estimate the fair value of the licenses. In conducting this quantitative assessment, we determined that the fair value of these licenses exceeds the carrying amount of these licenses under both approaches.

In 2017, management performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of these licenses exceeded the carrying amount of these licenses. In our assessment, we considered several qualitative factors, including, among others, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, relevant company specific events, and perception of the market. In contemplating all factors in their totality, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of these licenses exceeded the carrying amount of these licenses. As such, no further analysis was required.

During 2016, our AWS-4 and H Block wireless spectrum licenses and the Northstar Licenses and SNR Licenses were combined into a single unit of accounting. For 2016, management performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of these licenses exceeded the carrying amount of these licenses. In our assessment, we considered several qualitative factors, including, among others, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, relevant company specific events, and perception of the market. In contemplating all factors in their totality, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of these licenses exceeded the carrying amount of these licenses. As such, no further analysis was required.

During 2016, our 700 MHz wireless spectrum licenses were assessed as a single unit of accounting. For 2016, management performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of the 700 MHz wireless spectrum licenses exceeded its carrying amount. In our assessment, we considered several qualitative factors, including, among others, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, relevant company specific events, and perception of the market. In contemplating all factors in their totality, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of these licenses exceeded its carrying amount. As such, no further analysis was required.

During 2018, 2017, and 2016, our multichannel video distribution and data service (“MVDDS”) wireless spectrum licenses were assessed as a single unit of accounting. For 2018, 2017, and 2016, management assessed these licenses quantitatively. Our quantitative assessment in each year for the MVDDS wireless spectrum licenses consisted of a market approach. The market approach uses prior transactions including auctions to estimate the fair value of the licenses. In conducting these quantitative assessments, we determined that the fair value of our MVDDS wireless spectrum licenses exceeded their carrying amount.

Changes in circumstances or market conditions could result in a write-down of any of the above wireless spectrum licenses in the future.

Capitalized Interest

We capitalize interest associated with the acquisition or construction of certain assets, including, among other things, our wireless spectrum licenses, build-out costs associated with our network deployment and satellites. Capitalization of interest begins when, among other things, steps are taken to prepare the asset for its intended use and ceases when the asset is ready for its intended use or when these activities are substantially suspended.

We are currently preparing for the commercialization of our AWS-4, H Block, 700 MHz, 600 MHz and MVDDS wireless spectrum licenses, and interest expense related to their carrying amount is being capitalized. In addition, the FCC has granted certain AWS-3 Licenses to Northstar Wireless and to SNR Wireless, respectively, in which we have made certain non-controlling investments. Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless are preparing for the commercialization of their AWS-3 Licenses and interest expense related to their carrying amount is also being capitalized. On June 14, 2017, the FCC issued an order granting our application to acquire the 600 MHz Licenses, and we began preparing for the commercialization of our 600 MHz Licenses and began capitalizing interest related to these licenses on June 14, 2017. As the carrying amount of the licenses discussed above exceeded the carrying value of our long-term debt beginning on June 14, 2017, materially all of our interest expense is now being capitalized.

Business Combinations

When we acquire a business, we allocate the purchase price to the various components of the acquisition based upon the fair value of each component using various valuation techniques, including the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach. The accounting standard for business combinations requires most identifiable assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests and goodwill acquired to be recorded at fair value. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of the business are expensed as incurred. Costs associated with the issuance of debt associated with a business combination are capitalized and included as a yield adjustment to the underlying debt’s stated rate. Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless the lives are determined to be indefinite. Amortization of these intangible assets are recorded on a straight-line basis over an average finite useful life primarily ranging from approximately one to 20 years or in relation to the estimated discounted cash flows over the life of the intangible asset.

Long-Term Deferred Revenue and Other Long-Term Liabilities

Certain programmers provide us up-front payments. Such amounts are deferred and recognized as reductions to “Subscriber-related expenses” on a straight-line basis over the relevant remaining contract term (generally up to ten years). The current and long-term portions of these deferred credits are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in “Deferred revenue and other” and “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities,” respectively.

Sales Taxes

We account for sales taxes imposed on our goods and services on a net basis on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Since we primarily act as an agent for the governmental authorities, the amount charged to the customer is collected and remitted directly to the appropriate jurisdictional entity.

Income Taxes

We establish a provision for income taxes currently payable or receivable and for income tax amounts deferred to future periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the estimated future tax effects of differences that exist between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are offset by valuation allowances when we believe it is more likely than not that such net deferred tax assets will not be realized.

From time to time, we engage in transactions where the tax consequences may be subject to uncertainty. We record a liability when, in management’s judgment, a tax filing position does not meet the more likely than not threshold. For tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold, we may record a liability depending on management’s assessment of how the tax position will ultimately be settled. We adjust our estimates periodically for ongoing examinations by and settlements with various taxing authorities, as well as changes in tax laws, regulations and precedent. We classify interest and penalties, if any, associated with our uncertain tax positions as a component of “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” and “Other, net,” respectively, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Fair Value Measurements

We determine fair value based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Market or observable inputs are the preferred source of values, followed by unobservable inputs or assumptions based on hypothetical transactions in the absence of market inputs. We apply the following hierarchy in determining fair value:

Level 1, defined as observable inputs being quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;

Level 2, defined as observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and derivative financial instruments indexed to marketable investment securities; and

Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other participants therefore requiring assumptions based on the best information available.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts) and current liabilities (excluding the “Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations”) was equal to or approximated fair value due to their short-term nature or proximity to current market rates. See Note 6 for the fair value of our marketable investment securities and derivative financial instruments.

Fair values for our publicly traded debt securities are based on quoted market prices, when available. The fair values of private debt are based on, among other things, available trade information, and/or an analysis in which we evaluate market conditions, related securities, various public and private offerings, and other publicly available information. In performing this analysis, we make various assumptions regarding, among other things, credit spreads, and the impact of these factors on the value of the debt securities. See Note 9 for the fair value of our long-term debt.

Deferred Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discounts

In accordance with accounting guidance on embedded conversion features, we value and bifurcate the conversion option associated with convertible notes from the host debt instrument. The resulting debt discount is deferred and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the terms of the respective notes.

Costs of issuing debt are generally deferred and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the terms of the respective notes.

See Note 9 for further information.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue is primarily derived from Pay-TV programming services that we provide to our subscribers. We also generate revenue from equipment rental fees and other hardware related fees, including DVRs and fees from subscribers with multiple receivers; advertising services; fees earned from our Smart Home service operations; broadband services; warranty services; and sales of digital receivers and related equipment to third-party pay-TV providers. See Note 15 for further information, including revenue disaggregated by major source.

Our residential video subscribers contract for individual services or combinations of services, as discussed above, the majority of which are generally distinct and are accounted for as separate performance obligations. We consider our installations for first time DISH TV subscribers to be a service. However, since we provide a significant integration service combining the installation with programming services, we have concluded that the installation is not distinct from programming and thus the installation and programming services are accounted for as a single performance obligation. We generally satisfy these performance obligations and recognize revenue as the services are provided, for example as the programming is broadcast to subscribers, as this best represents the transfer of control of the services to the subscriber.

In cases where a subscriber is charged certain nonrefundable upfront fees, those fees are generally considered to be material rights to the subscriber related to the subscriber’s option to renew without having to pay an additional fee upon renewal. These fees are deferred and recognized over the estimated period of time during which the fee remains material to the customer, which we estimate to be less than one year. Revenues arising from our in-home service operations that are separate from the initial installation, such as mounting a TV on a subscriber’s wall, are generally recognized when these services are performed.

For our residential video subscribers, we have concluded that the contract term under Accounting Standard Codification Topic 606 (“ASC 606”) is one month and as a result the revenue recognized for these subscribers for a given month is equal to the amount billed in that month, except for certain nonrefundable upfront fees that are accounted for as material rights, as discussed above.

Revenues from our advertising services are typically recognized as the advertisements are broadcast. Sales of equipment to subscribers or other third parties are recognized when control is transferred under the contract. Revenue from our commercial video subscribers typically follows the residential model described above, with the exception that the contract term for most of our commercial subscribers exceeds one month and can be multiple years in length. However, commercial subscribers typically do not receive time-limited discounts or free service periods and accordingly, while they may have multiple performance obligations, revenue is equal to the amount billed in a given month.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition generally differs from the timing of invoicing to customers. When revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, we record a receivable. When revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing, we record deferred revenue. Our residential video subscribers are typically billed monthly, and the contract balances for those customers arise from the timing of the monthly billing cycle. We do not adjust the amount of consideration for financing impacts as we apply a practical expedient when we anticipate that the period between transfer of goods and services and eventual payment for those goods and services will be less than one year. See Note 16 for further information, including balance and activity detail about our allowance for doubtful accounts and deferred revenue related to contracts with subscribers.

Assets Recognized Related to the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Subscriber

We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a subscriber if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that certain sales incentive programs, including those with our independent third-party retailers, meet the requirements to be capitalized, and payments made under these programs are capitalized and amortized to expense over the estimated subscriber life.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we capitalized $183 million under these programs. The amortization expense related to these programs was $28 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, we had a total of $169 million capitalized on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, of which $14 million related to open contracts as of January 1, 2018. These amounts are capitalized in “Other currents assets” and “Other noncurrent assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and then amortized in “Other subscriber acquisition costs” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Impact of Adoption of ASU 2014-09

On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”) and modified the standard thereafter. We adopted ASU 2014-09, as modified, and now codified as ASC 606 and Accounting Standard Codification Topic 340-40 (“ASC 340-40”) on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. Under that method, we applied the new guidance to all open contracts existing as of January 1, 2018, recognizing in beginning retained earnings an adjustment for the cumulative effect of the change, which was $2 million, net of deferred taxes of $1 million.

In addition, we are providing additional disclosures comparing the results under previous guidance to those as follows:


Consolidated Statements of Operations	DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standards)		Impact of adopting ASU 2014-09		DISH Network (as currently reported)
	(In thousands)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Subscriber-related revenue	$	13,473,177	$	(17,089)	$	13,456,088
Subscriber-related expenses	$	8,557,738	$	(13,161)	$	8,544,577
Total subscriber acquisition costs	$	927,547	$	(158,240)	$	769,307
Operating income (loss)	$	1,993,309	$	154,312	$	2,147,621
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	2,034,863	$	154,312	$	2,189,175
Income tax (provision) benefit, net	$	(495,558)	$	(38,126)	$	(533,684)
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network	$	1,458,905	$	116,186	$	1,575,091
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	2.77	$	0.23	$	3.00

Consolidated Balance Sheets	DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standards)		Impact of adopting ASU 2014-09		DISH Network (as currently reported)
	(In thousands)
As of December 31, 2018
Inventory	$	261,196	$	29,537	$	290,733
Other current assets	$	240,471	$	49,329	$	289,800
Other noncurrent assets, net	$	326,496	$	119,581	$	446,077
Total assets	$	30,388,565	$	198,447	$	30,587,012
Deferred revenue and other	$	616,943	$	38,369	$	655,312
Deferred tax liabilities	$	2,435,988	$	38,919	$	2,474,907
Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities	$	468,279	$	2,653	$	470,932
Total liabilities	$	21,452,814	$	79,941	$	21,532,755
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	8,475,683	$	118,506	$	8,594,189
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	30,388,565	$	198,447	$	30,587,012

The adoption of ASU 2014-09 had no impact to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Subscriber-Related Expenses

The cost of television programming distribution rights is generally incurred on a per subscriber basis and various upfront carriage payments are recognized when the related programming is distributed to subscribers. Long-term flat rate programming contracts are generally charged to expense using the straight-line method over the term of the agreement. The cost of television programming rights to distribute live sporting events for a season or tournament is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the course of the season or tournament.

“Subscriber-related expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) principally include programming expenses, costs for Pay-TV and broadband services incurred in connection with our Smart Home service and call center operations, billing costs, refurbishment and repair costs related to DBS receiver systems and broadband equipment, subscriber retention, other variable subscriber expenses and monthly wholesale fees paid to broadband providers. These costs are recognized as the services are performed or as incurred. The cost of broadband services is expensed monthly and generally incurred on a per subscriber basis.

Cost of Sales – Equipment and Other

Costs include the cost of non-subsidized sales of DBS accessories and the cost of sales of digital receivers and related components to third-party pay-TV providers, both of which include freight and royalties. Costs are generally recognized as products are delivered to customers and the related revenue is recognized.

Subscriber Acquisition Costs

Subscriber acquisition costs on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) consist of costs incurred to acquire new Pay-TV and broadband subscribers through independent third-party retailers, third-party marketing agreements and our direct sales distribution channel. Subscriber acquisition costs include the following line items from our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss):

“Cost of sales – subscriber promotion subsidies” includes the cost of our DBS receiver systems sold to independent third-party retailers and other distributors of our equipment and DBS receiver systems sold directly by us to DISH TV subscribers.

“Other subscriber acquisition costs” includes net costs related to promotional incentives and costs related to installation and other promotional subsidies for our DISH TV services as well as our direct sales efforts and commissions for our Sling TV services.

“Subscriber acquisition advertising” includes advertising and marketing expenses related to the acquisition of new Pay-TV and broadband subscribers. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

We characterize amounts paid to our independent third-party retailers as consideration for equipment installation services and for equipment buydowns (incentives and rebates) as a reduction of revenue. We expense payments for equipment installation services as “Other subscriber acquisition costs.” Our payments for equipment buydowns represent a partial or complete return of the independent third-party retailer’s purchase price and are, therefore, netted against the proceeds received from the independent third-party retailer. We report the net cost from our various sales promotions through our independent third-party retailer network as a component of “Other subscriber acquisition costs.”

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs totaled $24 million, $33 million and $41 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We may purchase and hold derivative financial instruments for, among other reasons, strategic or speculative purposes. We record all derivative financial instruments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value as either assets or liabilities. Changes in the fair values of derivative financial instruments are recognized in our results of operations and included in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We have not designated any derivative financial instrument for hedge accounting.

As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we did not hold any derivative financial instruments. See Note 6 for further information.

Equipment Lease Programs

DISH TV subscribers have the choice of leasing or purchasing the satellite receiver and other equipment necessary to receive our DISH TV services. Most of our new DISH TV subscribers choose to lease equipment and thus we retain title to such equipment. New broadband subscribers lease the modem and other equipment necessary to receive broadband services. Equipment leased to new and existing DISH TV and broadband subscribers is capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), and has modified the standard thereafter. ASU 2016-02 amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring that lessees recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities for the vast majority of leases. For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance. Classification is based on criteria that are largely similar to those applied in current lease accounting, but without explicit bright lines. The accounting guidance for lessors remains largely unchanged.

This standard became effective for us on January 1, 2019, and we elected to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective approach. Under the modified retrospective approach, we will recognize in beginning retained earnings as of January 1, 2019 an adjustment for the cumulative effect of the adoption, which we believe will be immaterial. We will also recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities for periods ending after January 1, 2019 for the majority of our operating leases, which will be the primary impact of the standard on our results. Our operating leases consist principally of satellites, real estate, vehicles used in our in-home service operations and other equipment.

As permitted under the standard, we do not intend to recognize right of use assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. In transition, we plan to apply practical expedients that permit us not to reassess (i) whether expired or existing contracts contain a lease under the new standard, (ii) the lease classification for expired or existing leases, or (iii) whether previously-capitalized initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under the new standard. In addition, we do not intend to use hindsight during transition. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to have a significant impact to our Consolidated Statements of Operations or Cash Flows. We will provide additional disclosures for periods ending in 2019 comparing the results under previous guidance to those under the new standard.

Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the way entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net earnings. This standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Fair Value Measurement. On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements by adding, modifying or removing certain disclosures. This standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Certain disclosures in ASU 2018-13 are required to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. We are evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2018-13 will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

3. Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

We present both basic earnings per share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS. Basic EPS excludes potential dilution and is computed by dividing “Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network” by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock awards were exercised and if our 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 issued August 8, 2016 (the “Convertible Notes due 2026”) and our 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 issued March 17, 2017 (the “Convertible Notes due 2024,” and collectively with the Convertible Notes due 2026, the “Convertible Notes”) were converted. The potential dilution from stock awards is accounted for using the treasury stock method based on the average market value of our Class A common stock. The potential dilution from conversion of the Convertible Notes is accounted for using the if-converted method, which requires that all of the shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes will be included in the calculation of diluted EPS assuming conversion of the Convertible Notes at the beginning of the reporting period (or at time of issuance, if later).

The following table presents EPS amounts for all periods and the basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculation.


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
		(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income (loss)	$	1,655,491	$	2,165,407	$	1,550,785
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax		80,400		66,718		52,846
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network - Basic		1,575,091		2,098,689		1,497,939
Interest on dilutive Convertible Notes, net of tax (1)		—		30,028		27,515
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network - Diluted	$	1,575,091	$	2,128,717	$	1,525,454

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - Class A and B common stock:
Basic		467,350		466,021		464,807
Dilutive impact of Convertible Notes		58,192		55,692		18,361
Dilutive impact of stock awards outstanding		290		883		994
Diluted		525,832		522,596		484,162

Earnings per share - Class A and B common stock:
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	3.37	$	4.50	$	3.22
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	3.00	$	4.07	$	3.15

(1)

For the year ended December 31, 2018, materially all of our interest expense was capitalized. See Note 2 for further information.

Certain stock awards to acquire our Class A common stock are not included in the weighted-average common shares outstanding above, as their effect is anti-dilutive. In addition, vesting of performance based options and rights to acquire shares of our Class A common stock granted pursuant to our performance based stock incentive plans (“Restricted Performance Units”) are both contingent upon meeting certain goals, some of which are not yet probable of being achieved. Furthermore, the warrants that we issued to certain option counterparties in connection with the Convertible Notes due 2026 are only exercisable at their expiration if the market price per share of our Class A common stock is greater than the strike price of the warrants, which is approximately $86.08 per share, subject to adjustments. As a consequence, the following are not included in the diluted EPS calculation.


	As of December 31,
	2018	2017	2016
	(In thousands)
Anti-dilutive stock awards	4,377	1,694	1,870
Performance based options (1)	8,970	5,491	4,312
Restricted Performance Units/Awards	1,726	2,436	1,336
Common stock warrants	46,029	46,029	46,029
Total	61,102	55,650	53,547

(1)

The increase in performance based options as of December 31, 2018 primarily resulted from the issuance of stock option awards as of October 1, 2018 under a long-term, performance-based stock incentive plan adopted on August 17, 2018 (the “2019 LTIP”).

Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows

Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows

4. Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows

The following table presents our supplemental cash flow and other non-cash data.


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Cash paid for interest (including capitalized interest)	$	921,238	$	996,183	$	775,300
Cash received for interest		15,037		6,925		15,020
Cash paid for income taxes		31,308		40,362		439,570
Capitalized interest (1)		1,012,177		1,015,901		844,330
Initial equity component of the 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024, net of deferred taxes of $92,512 (2)		—		159,869		—
Initial equity component of the 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026, net of deferred taxes of $286,322 (2)		—		—		487,521
Employee benefits paid in Class A common stock		27,322		23,164		25,146
Assets financed under capital lease obligations		142		1,573		7,850
Vendor financing		—		—		20,000

(1)

See Note 2 for further information.

(2)

See Note 9 for further information.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

5. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the tax effect on each component of “Other comprehensive income (loss).”


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018						2017						2016
	Before		Tax		Net		Before		Tax		Net		Before		Tax		Net
	Tax		(Expense)		of Tax		Tax		(Expense)		of Tax		Tax		(Expense)		of Tax
	Amount		Benefit		Amount		Amount		Benefit		Amount		Amount		Benefit (1)		Amount
	(In thousands)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	(1,343)	$	—	$	(1,343)	$	1,027	$	—	$	1,027	$	—	$	—	$	—
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities		(529)		122		(407)		9,671		(3,525)		6,146		3,050		(1,111)		1,939
Recognition of previously unrealized (gains) losses on available-for-sale securities included in net income (loss)		(8)		2		(6)		(11,129)		4,057		(7,072)		(99,312)		36,173		(63,139)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,880)	$	124	$	(1,756)	$	(431)	$	532	$	101	$	(96,262)	$	35,062	$	(61,200)

The “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” is detailed in the following table, net of tax:


		Foreign		Unrealized/
		Currency		Recognized
		Translation		Gains
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Adjustment		(Losses)	Total
	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	—	$	781	$	781
Foreign currency translation adjustments		1,027		—		1,027
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		—		6,146		6,146
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		—		(7,072)		(7,072)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	1,027	$	(145)	$	882
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1,343)		—		(1,343)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		—		(407)		(407)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		—		(6)		(6)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	(316)	$	(558)	$	(874)

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities

6. Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities

Our marketable investment securities, restricted cash and cash equivalents, and other investment securities consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Marketable investment securities:
Current marketable investment securities:
Strategic - available-for-sale	$	193	$	195
Strategic - trading/equity (Note 2)		2,370		93,367
Other		1,178,908		407,603
Total current marketable investment securities		1,181,471		501,165
Restricted marketable investment securities (1)		67,019		72,014
Total marketable investment securities		1,248,490		573,179

Restricted cash and cash equivalents (1)		578		393

Other investment securities:
Other investment securities		118,992		113,460
Total other investment securities		118,992		113,460

Total marketable investment securities, restricted cash and cash equivalents, and other investment securities	$	1,368,060	$	687,032

(1)

Restricted marketable investment securities and restricted cash and cash equivalents are included in “Restricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Marketable Investment Securities

Our marketable investment securities portfolio consists of various debt and equity instruments. All debt securities are classified as available-for-sale. Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 during the first quarter 2018, all equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 2 for further information.

Current Marketable Investment Securities - Strategic

Our current strategic marketable investment securities portfolio includes and may include strategic and financial debt and equity investments in private and public companies that are highly speculative and have experienced and continue to experience volatility. As of December 30, 2018, this portfolio consisted of securities of a small number of issuers, and as a result the value of that portfolio depends, among other things, on the performance of those issuers. The fair value of certain of the debt and equity securities in this portfolio can be adversely impacted by, among other things, the issuers’ respective performance and ability to obtain any necessary additional financing on acceptable terms, or at all.

Current Marketable Investment Securities - Other

Our current other marketable investment securities portfolio includes investments in various debt instruments including, among others, commercial paper, corporate securities and United States treasury and/or agency securities.

Commercial paper consists mainly of unsecured short-term, promissory notes issued primarily by corporations with maturities ranging up to 365 days. Corporate securities consist of debt instruments issued by corporations with various maturities normally less than 18 months. U. S. Treasury and agency securities consist of debt instruments issued by the federal government and other government agencies.

Restricted Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Investment Securities

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our restricted marketable investment securities, together with our restricted cash and cash equivalents, included amounts required as collateral for our letters of credit.

Other Investment Securities

We have strategic investments in certain debt and/or equity securities that are included in noncurrent “Other investment securities” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and our equity securities are accounted for using the equity method of accounting or recorded at fair value. Certain of our equity method investments are detailed below.

NagraStar L.L.C. As a result of the completion of the Share Exchange on February 28, 2017, we own a 50% interest in NagraStar L.L.C. (“NagraStar”), a joint venture that is our primary provider of encryption and related security systems intended to assure that only authorized customers have access to our programming.

Invidi Technologies Corporation. In November 2016, we, DIRECTV, LLC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of AT&T Inc., and Cavendish Square Holding B.V., an affiliate of WPP plc, entered into a series of agreements to acquire Invidi Technologies Corporation (“Invidi”), an entity that provides proprietary software for the addressable advertising market. The transaction closed in January 2017.

Our ability to realize value from our strategic investments in securities that are not publicly traded depends on the success of the issuers’ businesses and their ability to obtain sufficient capital, on acceptable terms or at all, and to execute their business plans. Because private markets are not as liquid as public markets, there is also increased risk that we will not be able to sell these investments, or that when we desire to sell them we will not be able to obtain fair value for them.

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Marketable Investment Securities

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had accumulated net unrealized losses of $1 million and less than $1 million, respectively. These amounts, net of related tax effect, were accumulated net unrealized losses of $1 million and less than $1 million, respectively. All of these amounts are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” within “Total stockholders’ equity (deficit).” The components of our available-for-sale investments are summarized in the table below.


	As of December 31,
	2018								2017
	Marketable								Marketable
	Investment		Unrealized						Investment		Unrealized
	Securities		Gains		Losses		Net		Securities		Gains		Losses		Net
	(In thousands)
Debt securities (including restricted):
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	66,823	$	40	$	(19)	$	21	$	84,286	$	22	$	(141)	$	(119)
Commercial paper		367,488		—		—		—		107,962		—		(10)		(10)
Corporate securities		805,259		91		(899)		(808)		282,256		—		(124)		(124)
Other		6,550		56		(2)		54		5,308		58		(1)		57
Total	$	1,246,120	$	187	$	(920)	$	(733)	$	479,812	$	80	$	(276)	$	(196)

As of December 31, 2018, restricted and non-restricted marketable investment securities included debt securities of $1.040 billion with contractual maturities within one year and $206 million with contractual maturities extending longer than one year through and including five years. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as a result of our ability to sell these securities prior to maturity.

Marketable Investment Securities in a Loss Position

The following table reflects the length of time that the individual debt securities, accounted for as available-for-sale, have been in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by investment category. As of December 31, 2018, the unrealized losses related to our investments in debt securities primarily represented investments in United States treasury and agency securities, corporate securities and other. We have the ability to hold and do not intend to sell our investments in these debt securities before they recover or mature, and it is more likely than not that we will hold these investments until that time. In addition, we are not aware of any specific factors indicating that the underlying issuers of these debt securities would not be able to pay interest as it becomes due or repay the principal at maturity. Therefore, we believe that these changes in the estimated fair values of these marketable investment securities are related to temporary market fluctuations.


	As of December 31,
	2018				2017
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Loss		Value		Loss
	(In thousands)
Debt securities:
Less than 12 months	$	647,241	$	(918)	$	410,145	$	(156)
12 months or more		137		(2)		34,340		(120)
Total	$	647,378	$	(920)	$	444,485	$	(276)

Fair Value Measurements

Our investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2018								2017
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Cash equivalents (including restricted)	$	859,220	$	30,858	$	828,362	$	—	$	1,425,798	$	655	$	1,425,143	$	—

Debt securities (including restricted):
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	66,823	$	66,823	$	—	$	—	$	84,286	$	84,286	$	—	$	—
Commercial paper		367,488		—		367,488		—		107,962		—		107,962		—
Corporate securities		805,259		—		805,259		—		282,256		—		282,256		—
Other		6,550		—		6,357		193		5,308		—		5,113		195

Equity securities		2,370		2,370		—		—		93,367		93,367		—		—
Total	$	1,248,490	$	69,193	$	1,179,104	$	193	$	573,179	$	177,653	$	395,331	$	195

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our Level 3 investments consisted predominately of corporate securities and other. On a quarterly basis we evaluate the reasonableness of significant unobservable inputs used in those measurements. For our Level 3 investments, we evaluate, among other things, the terms of the underlying instruments, the credit ratings of the issuers, current market conditions, and other relevant factors. Based on these factors, we assess the risk of realizing expected cash flows and we apply an observable discount rate that reflects this risk. We may also reduce our valuations to reflect a liquidity discount based on the lack of an active market for these securities.

Changes in Level 3 instruments were as follows:


	Level 3
	Investment
	Securities
	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	6,721
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings		(10,488)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)		9,199
Purchases		—
Sales		(5,099)
Settlements		(138)
Issuances		—
Transfers into or out of Level 3		—
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	195
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings		—
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)		4
Purchases		—
Sales		—
Settlements		(6)
Issuances		—
Transfers into or out of Level 3		—
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	193

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had no transfers in or out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements.

Gains and Losses on Sales and Changes in Carrying Amounts of Investments

“Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” included on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) is as follows:



	For the Years Ended December 31,
Other, net:	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Marketable investment securities - realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)	$	8,165	$	90,979	$	116,550
Derivative financial instruments - net realized and/or unrealized gains (losses)		—		—		5,405
Marketable investment securities - other-than-temporary impairments		—		—		(2,863)
Non-marketable investment securities - gains (losses) on sales/exchanges		—		10,488		—
Costs related to early redemption of debt		(3,261)		(1,470)		—
Gain (loss) on sale of subsidiary		7,004		—		—
Equity in earnings of affiliates		(2,110)		2,163		2,508
Other		2,003		2,328		(2,285)
Total	$	11,801	$	104,488	$	119,315

(1)

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded unrealized losses of $2 million related to equity securities held as of December 31, 2018.

Inventory

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory

Inventory

7. Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Finished goods	$	215,186	$	248,233
Work-in-process and service repairs		56,871		54,455
Raw materials		18,676		18,320
Total inventory	$	290,733	$	321,008

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property and Equipment.

Property and Equipment and Intangible Assets

8. Property and Equipment and Intangible Assets

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:


	Depreciable
	Life			As of December 31,
	(In Years)			2018		2017
				(In thousands)
Equipment leased to customers	2	-	5	$	2,016,965	$	2,323,100
EchoStar XV		15			277,658		277,658
EchoStar XVIII		15			411,255		411,255
D1		N/A			55,000		55,000
T1		14.25			100,000		100,000
Satellites acquired under capital lease agreements	10	-	15		499,819		499,819
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other	2	-	10		1,923,585		1,779,109
Buildings and improvements	4	-	40		290,650		293,571
Land		—			13,186		14,057
Construction in progress		—			100,560		103,176
Total property and equipment					5,688,678		5,856,745
Accumulated depreciation					(3,760,498)		(3,673,084)
Property and equipment, net				$	1,928,180	$	2,183,661

Depreciation and amortization expense consisted of the following:



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Equipment leased to customers	$	444,928	$	554,272	$	674,445
Satellites		100,343		114,821		96,965
Buildings, furniture, fixtures, equipment and other		166,753		148,471		149,792
Total depreciation and amortization	$	712,024	$	817,564	$	921,202

Cost of sales and operating expense categories included in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) do not include depreciation expense related to satellites or equipment leased to customers.

Satellites

Pay-TV Satellites. We currently utilize 11 satellites in geostationary orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the equator, two of which we own and depreciate over their estimated useful life. We currently utilize certain capacity on seven satellites that we lease from EchoStar, which are accounted for as operating leases. We also lease two satellites from third parties, which are accounted for as capital leases and are depreciated over the shorter of the economic life or the term of the satellite agreement.

As of December 31, 2018, our pay-TV satellite fleet consisted of the following:


			Estimated
			Useful Life
		Degree	(Years)/Lease
	Launch	Orbital	Termination
Satellites	Date	Location	Date
Owned:
EchoStar XV	July 2010	61.5	15
EchoStar XVIII	June 2016	61.5	15

Leased from EchoStar (1):
EchoStar IX	August 2003	121	Month to month
EchoStar X (2)	February 2006	110	February 2021
EchoStar XI (2)	July 2008	110	September 2021
EchoStar XIV (2)	March 2010	119	February 2023
EchoStar XVI (3)	November 2012	61.5	January 2023
Nimiq 5	September 2009	72.7	September 2019
QuetzSat-1	September 2011	77	November 2021

Leased from Other Third Party:
Anik F3	April 2007	118.7	April 2022
Ciel II (4)	December 2008	129	January 2020

(1)

See Note 18 for further information on our Related Party Transactions with EchoStar.

(2)

We generally have the option to renew each lease on a year-to-year basis through the end of the useful life of the respective satellite.

(3)

We have the option to renew this lease for an additional five-year period.

(4)

During the fourth quarter 2018, we renewed this lease.

AWS-4 Satellites. On March 2, 2012, the FCC approved the transfer of 40 MHz of wireless spectrum licenses held by DBSD North America, Inc. (“DBSD North America”) and TerreStar Networks, Inc. (“TerreStar”) to us. On March 9, 2012, we completed the acquisitions of 100% of the equity of reorganized DBSD North America and substantially all of the assets of TerreStar, pursuant to which we acquired, among other things, certain satellite assets and 40 MHz of spectrum licenses held by DBSD North America (the “DBSD Transaction”) and TerreStar (the “TerreStar Transaction”), which licenses the FCC modified in March 2013 to add AWS-4 authority (“AWS-4”). See Note 14 for further information. As a result of the DBSD Transaction and the TerreStar Transaction, we acquired three AWS-4 satellites, including two in-orbit satellites (D1 and T1) and one satellite under construction (T2). During the fourth quarter 2014, EchoStar purchased our rights to the T2 satellite for $55 million.


		Degree	Estimated
	Launch	Orbital	Useful Life
Satellites	Date	Location	(Years)
Owned:
T1	July 2009	111.1	14.25
D1	April 2008	92.85	N/A

GAAP requires that a long-lived asset be reviewed for impairment when circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset might not be recoverable. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, it was determined that the T1 satellite met this criteria and therefore in the fourth quarter 2018 and 2017, we tested the T1 satellite for impairment.

As of December 31, 2018, we concluded that the T1 satellite’s estimated fair value exceeded its carrying amount and no impairment was necessary. As of December 31, 2017, we concluded that the carrying amount of the T1 satellite exceeded its estimated fair value based on undiscounted cash flows utilizing the income approach. To arrive at fair value, management estimated the potential future discounted cash flows from a market participant’s perspective associated with the satellite. As a result of this assessment, we wrote down the net book value of the T1 satellite from $246 million to $100 million and recorded an impairment charge of $146 million in “Impairment of long-lived assets” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we do not believe that any triggering events have occurred which would indicate impairment for the D1 satellite. The estimates used in our fair value analysis are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Satellite Anomalies

Operation of our DISH TV services requires that we have adequate satellite transmission capacity for the programming that we offer. While we generally have had in-orbit satellite capacity sufficient to transmit our existing channels and some backup capacity to recover the transmission of certain critical programming, our backup capacity is limited.

In the event of a failure or loss of any of our owned or leased satellites, we may need to acquire or lease additional satellite capacity or relocate one of our other owned or leased satellites and use it as a replacement for the failed or lost satellite. Such a failure could result in a prolonged loss of critical programming or a significant delay in our plans to expand programming as necessary to remain competitive and thus may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the past, certain of our owned and leased satellites have experienced anomalies, some of which have had a significant adverse impact on their remaining useful life and/or commercial operation. There can be no assurance that future anomalies will not impact the remaining useful life and/or commercial operation of any of the owned and leased satellites in our fleet. See Note 2 “Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” for further information on evaluation of impairment. There can be no assurance that we can recover critical transmission capacity in the event one or more of our owned or leased in-orbit satellites were to fail. We generally do not carry commercial launch or in-orbit insurance on any of the satellites that we use, other than certain satellites leased from third parties, and therefore, we will bear the risk associated with any uninsured launch or in-orbit satellite failures.

Intangible Assets

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our identifiable intangibles subject to amortization consisted of the following:


	As of
	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Intangible		Accumulated		Intangible		Accumulated
	Assets		Amortization		Assets		Amortization
	(In thousands)
Technology-based	$	63,077	$	(53,998)	$	63,077	$	(48,416)
Trademarks		37,010		(28,634)		37,010		(24,517)
Contract-based		13,149		(13,149)		13,149		(13,149)
Customer relationships		26,533		(26,533)		26,533		(26,533)
Total	$	139,769	$	(122,314)	$	139,769	$	(112,615)

These identifiable intangibles are included in “Other noncurrent assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization of these intangible assets is recorded on a straight-line basis over an average finite useful life primarily ranging from approximately five to 20 years. Amortization was $10 million, $8 million and $10 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Estimated future amortization of our identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):


For the Years Ended December 31,
2019	$	7,402
2020		3,816
2021		1,288
2022		666
2023		654
Thereafter		3,629
Total	$	17,455

Goodwill

The excess of our investments in consolidated subsidiaries over net tangible and identifiable intangible asset value at the time of the investment is recorded as goodwill and is not subject to amortization but is subject to impairment testing annually or whenever indicators of impairment arise. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our goodwill was $126 million, which primarily relates to our wireless segment. In conducting our annual impairment test for 2018, we performed a qualitative assessment, which considered several factors, including, among others, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, and relevant company specific events and perception of the market. In contemplating all factors in their totality, we determined that the fair value of our wireless segment, which consists of a single reporting unit, was in excess of the carrying amount.

FCC Authorizations

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our FCC Authorizations consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
DBS Licenses	$	611,794	$	611,794
700 MHz Licenses		711,871		711,871
MVDDS Licenses		24,000		24,000
AWS-4 Licenses		1,949,000		1,949,000
H Block Licenses		1,671,506		1,671,506
AWS-3 Licenses		9,890,389		9,890,389
600 MHz Licenses		6,211,154		6,211,154
Capitalized Interest (1)		3,667,247		2,656,075
Total	$	24,736,961	$	23,725,789

(1)

See Note 2 for further information.

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

9. Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Fair Value of our Long-Term Debt

The following table summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of our debt facilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:


	As of December 31,
	2018				2017
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018 (1)	$	—	$	—	$	1,025,861	$	1,031,596
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019 (2)		1,317,372		1,343,298		1,400,000		1,501,206
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020		1,100,000		1,089,957		1,100,000		1,127,588
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021		2,000,000		1,974,940		2,000,000		2,120,480
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022		2,000,000		1,833,140		2,000,000		2,014,140
5% Senior Notes due 2023		1,500,000		1,247,445		1,500,000		1,432,335
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024		2,000,000		1,611,960		2,000,000		1,952,220
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024		1,000,000		801,200		1,000,000		962,860
7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026		2,000,000		1,653,720		2,000,000		2,118,400
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026		3,000,000		2,436,690		3,000,000		3,262,290
Other notes payable		39,715		39,715		44,928		44,928
Subtotal		15,957,087	$	14,032,065		17,070,789	$	17,568,043
Unamortized debt discount on the Convertible Notes		(833,906)				(925,360)
Unamortized deferred financing costs and other debt discounts, net		(37,388)				(46,782)
Capital lease obligations (3)		66,984				104,318
Total long-term debt and capital lease obligations (including current portion)	$	15,152,777			$	16,202,965

(1)

On April 2, 2018, we redeemed the principal balance of our 4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018.

(2)

During 2018, we repurchased $82 million of our 7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019 in open market trades. The remaining balance of $1.318 billion matures on September 1, 2019 and is included in “Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018.

(3)

Disclosure regarding fair value of capital leases is not required.

We estimated the fair value of our publicly traded long-term debt using market prices in less active markets (Level 2).

Our Senior Notes are:

general unsecured senior obligations of DISH DBS Corporation (“DISH DBS”);

ranked equally in right of payment with all of DISH DBS’ and the guarantors’ existing and future unsecured senior debt; and

ranked effectively junior to our and the guarantors’ current and future secured senior indebtedness up to the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness.

The indentures related to our Senior Notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on the ability of DISH DBS and its restricted subsidiaries to:

incur additional debt;

pay dividends or make distributions on DISH DBS’ capital stock or repurchase DISH DBS’ capital stock;

make certain investments;

create liens or enter into sale and leaseback transactions;

enter into transactions with affiliates;

merge or consolidate with another company; and

transfer or sell assets.

In the event of a change of control, as defined in the related indentures, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all or any part of a holder’s Senior Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, to the date of repurchase.

7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019

On August 17, 2009 and October 5, 2009, we issued $1.0 billion and $400 million, respectively, aggregate principal amount of our ten-year 7 7/8% Senior Notes due September 1, 2019. During 2018, we repurchased $82 million of our ten-year 7 7/8% Senior Notes due September 1, 2019 in open market trades. The remaining balance of $1.318 billion matures on September 1, 2019. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 7 7/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year.

The 7 7/8% Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest.

5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020

On April 5, 2013, we issued $1.1 billion aggregate principal amount of our seven-year 5 1/8% Senior Notes due May 1, 2020. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 5 1/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year.

The 5 1/8% Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest.

6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021

On May 5, 2011, we issued $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of our ten-year 6 3/4% Senior Notes due June 1, 2021. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 6 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year.

The 6 3/4% Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest.

5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022

On May 16, 2012 and July 26, 2012, we issued $1.0 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, aggregate principal amount of our ten-year 5 7/8% Senior Notes due July 15, 2022. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 5 7/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year.

The 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022 are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest.

5% Senior Notes due 2023

On December 27, 2012, we issued $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of our 5% Senior Notes due March 15, 2023. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 5% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year.

The 5% Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest.

5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024

On November 20, 2014, we issued $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of our ten-year 5 7/8% Senior Notes due November 15, 2024. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 5 7/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year.

The 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest.

7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026

On June 13, 2016, we issued $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of our ten-year 7 3/4% Senior Notes due July 1, 2026. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 7 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year.

The 7 3/4% Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. Prior to July 1, 2019, we may also redeem up to 35% of the 7 3/4% Senior Notes at a specified premium with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings or capital contributions.

2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024

On March 17, 2017, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes due March 15, 2024 in a private placement. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 2 3/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year.

The Convertible Notes due 2024 are:

our general unsecured obligations;

ranked senior in right of payment to any future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes due 2024;

ranked equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness;

ranked effectively junior to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness;

ranked structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries; and

not guaranteed by our subsidiaries.

We may not redeem the Convertible Notes due 2024 prior to the maturity date. If a “fundamental change” (as defined in the related indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes due 2024, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes due 2024 at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Convertible Notes due 2024, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The indenture related to the Convertible Notes due 2024 does not contain any financial covenants and does not restrict us from paying dividends, issuing or repurchasing our other securities, issuing new debt (including secured debt) or repaying or repurchasing our debt.

Subject to the terms of the related indenture, the Convertible Notes due 2024 may be converted at an initial conversion rate of 12.1630 shares of our Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes due 2024 (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $82.22 per share of our Class A common stock) (the “Initial Conversion Rate”), at any time on or after October 15, 2023 through the second scheduled trading day preceding the maturity date. Holders of the Convertible Notes due 2024 will also have the right to convert the Convertible Notes due 2024 at the Initial Conversion Rate prior to October 15, 2023, but only upon the occurrence of specified events described in the related indenture. The conversion rate is subject to anti-dilution adjustments if certain events occur.

In accordance with accounting guidance on embedded conversion features, we valued and bifurcated the conversion option associated with the Convertible Notes due 2024 (the “equity component”) from the host debt instrument. The $252 million initial value of the equity component on the Convertible Notes due 2024 was recorded in “Additional paid-in capital” within “Stockholders’ equity (deficit)” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets with the offset being recorded as the debt discount. The resulting debt discount on the Convertible Notes due 2024 is being amortized to interest expense at an effective interest rate of 7% over the seven-year term of the Convertible Notes due 2024. This interest expense was recorded in “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026

On August 8, 2016, we issued $3.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes due August 15, 2026 in a private unregistered offering. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 3 3/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year.

The Convertible Notes due 2026 are:

our general unsecured obligations;

ranked senior in right of payment to any future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes due 2026;

ranked equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness;

ranked effectively junior to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness;

ranked structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries; and

not guaranteed by our subsidiaries.

We may not redeem the Convertible Notes due 2026 prior to the maturity date. If a “fundamental change” (as defined in the related indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes due 2026, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes due 2026 at a specified make-whole price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Convertible Notes due 2026, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The indenture related to the Convertible Notes due 2026 does not contain any financial covenants and does not restrict us from paying dividends, issuing or repurchasing our other securities, issuing new debt (including secured debt) or repaying or repurchasing our debt.

Subject to the terms of the related indenture, the Convertible Notes due 2026 may be converted at an initial conversion rate of 15.3429 shares of our Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes due 2026 (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $65.18 per share of our Class A common stock) (the “Initial Conversion Rate”), at any time on or after March 15, 2026 through the second scheduled trading day preceding the maturity date. Holders of the Convertible Notes due 2026 will also have the right to convert the Convertible Notes due 2026 at the Initial Conversion Rate prior to March 15, 2026, but only upon the occurrence of specified events described in the related indenture. The conversion rate is subject to anti-dilution adjustments if certain events occur.

In accordance with accounting guidance on embedded conversion features, we valued and bifurcated the conversion option associated with the Convertible Notes due 2026 (the “equity component”) from the host debt instrument. The $774 million initial value of the equity component on the Convertible Notes due 2026 was recorded in “Additional paid-in capital” within “Stockholders’ equity (deficit)” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets with the offset being recorded as the debt discount. The resulting debt discount on the Convertible Notes due 2026 is being amortized to interest expense at an effective interest rate of 7% over the ten-year term of the Convertible Notes due 2026. This interest expense was recorded in “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Convertible Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions

In connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes due 2026, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with certain option counterparties. The convertible note hedge transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Convertible Notes due 2026, the number of shares of our Class A common stock underlying the Convertible Notes due 2026, which initially gives us the option to purchase approximately 46 million shares of our Class A common stock at a price of approximately $65.18 per share. The total cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was $635 million. Concurrently with entering into the convertible note hedge transactions, we also entered into warrant transactions with each option counterparty whereby we sold to such option counterparty warrants to purchase, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, up to the same number of shares of our Class A common stock, which initially gives the option counterparties the option to purchase approximately 46 million shares of our Class A common stock at a price of approximately $86.08 per share. We received $376 million in cash proceeds from the sale of these warrants. For us, the economic effect of these transactions is to effectively raise the initial conversion price from approximately $65.18 per share of our Class A common stock to approximately $86.08 per share of our Class A common stock (thus effectively raising the conversion premium on the Convertible Notes due 2026 from approximately 32.5% to approximately 75%). In accordance with accounting guidance on hedge and warrant transactions, the net cost incurred in connection with the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions are recorded as a reduction in “Additional paid-in capital” within “Stockholders’ equity (deficit)” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016.

We will not be required to make any cash payments to each option counterparty or its affiliates upon the exercise of the options that are a part of the convertible note hedge transactions, but will be entitled to receive from them a number of shares of Class A common stock, an amount of cash or a combination thereof. This consideration is generally based on the amount by which the market price per share of Class A common stock, as measured under the terms of the convertible note hedge transactions, is greater than the strike price of the convertible note hedge transactions during the relevant valuation period under the convertible note hedge transactions. Additionally, if the market price per share of Class A common stock, as measured under the terms of the warrant transactions, exceeds the strike price of the warrants during the measurement period at the maturity of the warrants, we will owe each option counterparty a number of shares of Class A common stock in an amount based on the excess of such market price per share of Class A common stock over the strike price of the warrants. However, as specified under the terms of the warrant transactions, we may elect to settle the warrants in cash.

Interest on Long-Term Debt


		Annual
	Semi-Annual	Debt Service
	Payment Dates	Requirements
		(In thousands)
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019	March 1 and September 1	$	110,250
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020	May 1 and November 1	$	56,375
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021	June 1 and December 1	$	135,000
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022	January 15 and July 15	$	117,500
5% Senior Notes due 2023	March 15 and September 15	$	75,000
5 7/8 % Senior Notes due 2024	May 15 and November 15	$	117,500
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024	March 15 and September 15	$	23,750
7 3/4 % Senior Notes due 2026	January 1 and July 1	$	155,000
3 3/8 % Convertible Notes due 2026	February 15 and August 15	$	101,250

Our ability to meet our debt service requirements will depend on, among other factors, the successful execution of our business strategy, which is subject to uncertainties and contingencies beyond our control.

Other Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Satellites and other capital lease obligations	$	66,984	$	104,318
Notes payable related to satellite vendor financing and other debt payable in installments through 2031 with interest rates ranging from approximately 1.9% to 8.8%		39,715		44,928
Total		106,699		149,246
Less: current portion		(24,621)		(42,663)
Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current portion	$	82,078	$	106,583

Capital Lease Obligations

Anik F3. Anik F3, an FSS satellite, was launched and commenced commercial operation in April 2007. This satellite is accounted for as a capital lease and depreciated over the term of the satellite service agreement. We have leased 100% of the Ku-band capacity on Anik F3 for a period of 15 years.

Ciel II. Ciel II, a Canadian DBS satellite, was launched in December 2008 and commenced commercial operation in February 2009. This satellite is accounted for as a capital lease and depreciated over the term of the satellite service agreement. We lease 100% of the capacity on Ciel II. The initial 10 year term expired in January 2019 and during the fourth quarter 2018, we renewed this lease through January 2020.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had $500 million capitalized for the estimated fair value of satellites acquired under capital leases included in “Property and equipment, net,” with related accumulated depreciation of $449 million and $407 million, respectively. In our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), we recognized $42 million in depreciation expense on satellites acquired under capital lease agreements during each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Future minimum lease payments under the capital lease obligations, together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):


For the Years Ended December 31,
2019	$	50,751
2020		48,032
2021		48,032
2022		16,032
2023		—
Thereafter		—
Total minimum lease payments		162,847
Less: Amount representing lease of the orbital location and estimated executory costs (primarily insurance and maintenance) including profit thereon, included in total minimum lease payments		(87,248)
Net minimum lease payments		75,599
Less: Amount representing interest		(8,615)
Present value of net minimum lease payments		66,984
Less: Current portion		(19,923)
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations	$	47,061

The summary of future maturities of our outstanding long-term debt as of December 31, 2018 is included in the commitments table in Note 14.

Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Our income tax policy is to record the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as probable operating loss, tax credit and other carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are offset by valuation allowances when we believe it is more likely than not that net deferred tax assets will not be realized. We periodically evaluate our need for a valuation allowance. Determining necessary valuation allowances requires us to make assessments about historical financial information as well as the timing of future events, including the probability of expected future taxable income and available tax planning opportunities.

We file consolidated tax returns in the United States. The income taxes of domestic and foreign subsidiaries not included in the United States tax group are presented in our consolidated financial statements on a separate return basis for each tax paying entity.

As of December 31, 2018, we had no net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for federal income tax purposes and $32 million of NOL carryforwards for state income tax purposes, which are partially offset by a valuation allowance. In addition, there are $71 million of tax benefits related to credit carryforwards which are partially offset by a valuation allowance. Portions of the NOL and credit carryforwards will expire in 2019.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”) was enacted making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Such changes include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the corporate tax rate and certain limitations on corporate deductions (e.g., a limitation on the interest expense deduction available to companies).

The Tax Reform Act, among other things, lowered the federal statutory corporate tax rate effective January 1, 2018 from 35% to 21%. Consequently, we remeasured our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 which positively impacted our “Income tax (provision) benefit, net” by approximately $1.2 billion.

The components of the (benefit from) provision for income taxes were as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Current (benefit) provision:
Federal	$	44,451	$	(71,141)	$	317,010
State		29,918		38,058		31,160
Foreign		4,616		3,736		10,840
Total current (benefit) provision		78,985		(29,347)		359,010

Deferred (benefit) provision:
Federal		383,096		(547,575)		469,927
State		64,000		69,076		35,418
Foreign		—		—		—
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance		7,603		(7,474)		1,463
Total deferred (benefit) provision		454,699		(485,973)		506,808
Total (benefit) provision	$	533,684	$	(515,320)	$	865,818

Our $2.189 billion of “Income (loss) before income taxes” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) included income of $14 million related to our foreign operations.

The following table shows the principal reasons for the difference between the effective income tax rate and the statutory federal tax rate:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018	2017	2016
	% of pre-tax income/(loss)
Statutory rate	21.0	35.0	35.0
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	4.6	3.0	2.5
Tax Reform Act (1)	—	(72.6)	—
Nondeductible/Nontaxable items (2)	—	5.9	—
Other, net	(1.2)	(2.5)	(1.7)
Total (benefit) provision for income taxes	24.4	(31.2)	35.8

(1)

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Reform Act was enacted, which, among other things, lowered the federal statutory corporate tax rate effective for us in future periods from 35% to 21%. Consequently, we remeasured our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 which positively impacted our “Income tax (provision) benefit, net” by approximately $1.2 billion.

(2)

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded $255 million of “Litigation expense” related to the FTC Action on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Any eventual payments made with respect to the FTC Action may not be deductible for tax purposes, which had a negative impact on our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2017. The tax deductibility of any eventual payments made with respect to the FTC Action may change, based upon, among other things, further developments in the FTC Action, including final adjudication of the FTC Action. See Note 14 for further information.

Deferred taxes arise because of the differences in the book and tax bases of certain assets and liabilities. Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
NOL, interest, credit and other carryforwards	$	114,227	$	55,505
Accrued and prepaid expenses		—		41,439
Stock-based compensation		21,323		14,904
Unrealized (gains) losses on available for sale and other investments		4,918		5,001
Deferred revenue		18,361		15,236
Total deferred tax assets		158,829		132,085
Valuation allowance		(26,244)		(18,642)
Deferred tax asset after valuation allowance		132,585		113,443

Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation		(443,128)		(496,873)
Accrued and prepaid expenses		(8,662)		—
FCC authorizations and other intangible amortization		(1,635,385)		(1,220,421)
Bases difference in partnerships and cost method investments (1)		(447,585)		(328,735)
Discount on convertible notes and convertible note hedge transaction, net		(72,732)		(81,346)
Other liabilities		—		(5,606)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(2,607,492)		(2,132,981)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$	(2,474,907)	$	(2,019,538)

(1)

Included in this line item are deferred taxes related to, among other things, our non-controlling investments in Northstar Spectrum and SNR HoldCo, including deferred taxes created by the tax amortization of the Northstar Licenses and SNR Licenses.

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

In addition to filing federal income tax returns, we and one or more of our subsidiaries file income tax returns in all states that impose an income tax and a small number of foreign jurisdictions where we have immaterial operations. We are subject to United States federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years beginning in 2008 due to the carryover of previously incurred NOLs. We are currently under a federal income tax examination for fiscal years 2008 through 2015.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits included in “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
Unrecognized tax benefit	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	393,916	$	358,023	$	336,586
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		10,350		12,798		40,492
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years		1,670		30,596		21,797
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years		(6,291)		(2,754)		(34,106)
Reductions based on tax positions related to settlements with taxing authorities		(8,328)		(1,634)		(3,628)
Reductions based on tax positions related to the lapse of the statute of limitations		(5,923)		(3,113)		(3,118)
Balance as of end of period	$	385,394	$	393,916	$	358,023

We have $377 million in unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, could favorably affect our effective tax rate. We do not expect any material portion of this amount to be paid or settled within the next twelve months.

Accrued interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” and “Other, net,” respectively, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). During the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recorded $13 million, $13 million and $11 million in net interest and penalty expense to earnings, respectively. Accrued interest and penalties were $53 million and $40 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The above table excludes these amounts.

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	Dec. 31, 2018
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Capital Stock and Additional Paid-In Capital Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the following capital stock: (i) 1,600,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share; (ii) 800,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share; (iii) 800,000,000 shares of Class C common stock, par value $0.01 per share; and (iv) 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no outstanding shares of Class C common stock or preferred stock. The Class A, Class B and Class C common stock are equivalent except for voting rights. Holders of Class A and Class C common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share. Each share of Class B and Class C common stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock. Our Class A common stock is publicly traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “DISH.” Upon a change in control of DISH Network, each holder of outstanding shares of Class C common stock is entitled to 10 votes for each share of Class C common stock held. Our principal stockholder owns the majority of all outstanding Class B common stock. Together with all other stockholders, he also owns outstanding Class A common stock. Common Stock Repurchase Program Our Board of Directors previously authorized stock repurchases of up to $1.0 billion of our outstanding Class A common stock. On October 29, 2018, our Board of Directors extended this authorization such that we are currently authorized to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our outstanding Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, we may repurchase up to $1.0 billion under this program. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no repurchases of our Class A common stock. Treasury Stock As of December 31, 2015, we held 56,118,260 shares of treasury stock. We account for our treasury stock using the cost method and all treasury share repurchases are reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of “Treasury stock, at cost.” On February 11, 2016, our Board of Directors approved the retirement of our treasury stock. During 2016, we retired all 56,118,260 shares of our treasury stock.

Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

12. Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Our employees participate in the DISH Network employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”), in which we are authorized to issue up to 3.8 million shares of Class A common stock. At December 31, 2018, we had 0.8 million shares of Class A common stock which remain available for issuance under the ESPP. Substantially all full-time employees who have been employed by us for at least one calendar quarter are eligible to participate in the ESPP. Employee stock purchases are made through payroll deductions. Under the terms of the ESPP, employees may not deduct an amount which would permit such employee to purchase our capital stock under all of our stock purchase plans at a rate which would exceed $25,000 in fair value of capital stock in any one year. The purchase price of the stock is 85% of the closing price of the Class A common stock on the last business day of each calendar quarter in which such shares of Class A common stock are deemed sold to an employee under the ESPP. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, employee purchases of Class A common stock through the ESPP totaled approximately 0.6 million, 0.3 million and 0.2 million shares, respectively.

401(k) Employee Savings Plan

We sponsor a 401(k) Employee Savings Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) for eligible employees. Voluntary employee contributions to the 401(k) Plan may be matched 50% by us, subject to a maximum annual contribution of $2,500 per employee. Forfeitures of unvested participant balances which are retained by the 401(k) Plan may be used to fund matching and discretionary contributions. Our Board of Directors may also authorize an annual discretionary contribution to the 401(k) plan, subject to the maximum deductible limit provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. These contributions may be made in cash or in our stock.

The following table summarizes the expense associated with our matching contributions and discretionary contributions:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
Expense Recognized Related to the 401(k) Plan	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Matching contributions, net of forfeitures	$	10,300	$	7,070	$	6,546
Discretionary stock contributions, net of forfeitures	$	27,048	$	27,969	$	23,158

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

13. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Incentive Plans

We maintain stock incentive plans to attract and retain officers, directors and key employees. Stock awards under these plans include both performance and non-performance based stock incentives. As of December 31, 2018, we had outstanding under these plans stock options to acquire 14.2 million shares of our Class A common stock and 1.8 million restricted stock units and awards. Stock options granted on or prior to December 31, 2018 were granted with exercise prices equal to or greater than the market value of our Class A common stock at the date of grant and with a maximum term of approximately ten years. While historically we have issued stock awards subject to vesting, typically at the rate of 20% per year, some stock awards have been granted with immediate vesting and other stock awards vest only upon the achievement of certain company-specific subscriber, operational and/or financial goals. As of December 31, 2018, we had 60.1 million shares of our Class A common stock available for future grant under our stock incentive plans.

Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:


					Options Outstanding				Options Exercisable
					Number Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Number Exercisable as of December 31, 2018	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
$	—	-	$	10.00	18,800	0.25	$	6.34	18,800	0.25	$	6.34
$	10.01	-	$	20.00	621,537	1.49	$	15.37	21,537	1.33	$	15.07
$	20.01	-	$	30.00	1,284,883	2.73	$	27.61	744,883	2.72	$	27.40
$	30.01	-	$	40.00	6,683,886	8.73	$	35.78	223,131	3.71	$	34.83
$	40.01	-	$	50.00	1,765,405	8.52	$	47.49	143,700	6.54	$	46.54
$	50.01	-	$	60.00	2,456,378	7.34	$	57.54	343,752	6.01	$	57.05
$	60.01	-	$	70.00	1,351,150	7.38	$	64.17	265,350	6.23	$	65.47
$	70.01	-	$	80.00	20,000	1.00	$	72.89	20,000	1.00	$	72.89
$	—	-	$	80.00	14,202,039	7.45	$	42.08	1,781,153	4.25	$	41.41

Stock Award Activity

Our stock option activity was as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
	Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Total options outstanding, beginning of period	8,847,734	$	43.90	7,923,009	$	36.21	6,845,685	$	31.13
Granted	7,494,012	$	38.41	3,468,626	$	59.66	1,901,000	$	54.41
Exercised	(267,905)	$	16.43	(514,401)	$	28.70	(431,092)	$	23.36
Forfeited and cancelled	(1,871,802)	$	39.67	(2,029,500)	$	44.64	(392,584)	$	50.03
Total options outstanding, end of period	14,202,039	$	42.08	8,847,734	$	43.90	7,923,009	$	36.21
Performance based options outstanding, end of period (1)	8,969,886	$	40.34	5,490,626	$	42.81	4,312,000	$	31.39
Exercisable at end of period	1,781,153	$	41.41	1,772,608	$	35.13	1,892,809	$	29.97

(1)

These stock options are included in the caption “Total options outstanding, end of period.” See discussion of the 2008 LTIP, 2013 LTIP, 2017 LTIP, 2019 LTIP and Other Employee Performance Awards below.

We realized tax benefits from stock awards exercised as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Tax benefit from stock awards exercised	$	1,664	$	9,347	$	5,006

Based on the closing market price of our Class A common stock on December 31, 2018, the aggregate intrinsic value of our stock options was as follows:


	As of December 31, 2018
	Options Outstanding		Options Exercisable
	(In thousands)
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	6,511	$	757

Our restricted stock unit and award activity was as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
	Restricted Stock Units/Awards	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Restricted Stock Units/Awards	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Restricted Stock Units/Awards	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Total restricted stock units/awards outstanding, beginning of period	2,484,720	$	51.16	1,336,000	$	32.11	1,382,250	$	32.01
Granted	—	$	—	1,871,375	$	63.87	67,060	$	56.35
Vested	(11,935)	$	63.49	(14,845)	$	62.58	(60)	$	49.15
Forfeited and cancelled	(712,560)	$	48.51	(707,810)	$	48.59	(113,250)	$	45.12
Total restricted stock units/awards outstanding, end of period	1,760,225	$	52.15	2,484,720	$	51.16	1,336,000	$	32.11
Restricted Performance Units/Awards outstanding, end of period (1)	1,726,250	$	51.92	2,435,500	$	50.91	1,336,000	$	32.11

(1)

These stock units/awards are included in the caption “Total restricted stock units/awards outstanding, end of period.” See discussion of the 2008 LTIP, 2013 LTIP, 2017 LTIP, 2019 LTIP and Other Employee Performance Awards below.

Long-Term Performance-Based Plans

2008 LTIP. During 2008, we adopted a long-term, performance-based stock incentive plan (the “2008 LTIP”). The 2008 LTIP provided stock options and restricted stock units, either alone or in combination, which vested based on company-specific subscriber and financial performance conditions. As of June 30, 2013, 100% of the eligible 2008 LTIP awards had vested.

2013 LTIP. During 2013, we adopted a long-term, performance-based stock incentive plan (the “2013 LTIP”). The 2013 LTIP provides stock options and restricted stock units in combination, which vest based on company-specific subscriber and financial performance conditions. Exercise of the stock awards is contingent on achieving these performance conditions by September 30, 2022.

Although no awards vest until the Company attains the performance goals described above, compensation related to the 2013 LTIP will be recorded based on management’s assessment of the probability of meeting the remaining performance conditions. If the remaining performance conditions are probable of being achieved, we will begin recognizing the associated non-cash, stock-based compensation expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) over the estimated period to achieve the performance condition.

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, we determined that 30%, 10% and 20%, respectively, of the 2013 LTIP performance conditions were probable of achievement. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, no additional 2013 LTIP performance conditions were deemed probable of achievement. During 2018, management determined the 2013 LTIP performance conditions were neither probable nor improbable of achievement. As a result, we are no longer recording non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for the 2013 LTIP. We recorded non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, as indicated in the table below titled “Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized.” As of December 31, 2018, approximately 20% of the 2013 LTIP awards had vested.

2017 LTIP. On December 2, 2016, we adopted a long-term, performance-based stock incentive plan (the “2017 LTIP”). The 2017 LTIP provides stock options, which vest based on company-specific subscriber and financial performance conditions. Awards were initially granted under the 2017 LTIP as of January 1, 2017. Exercise of the stock awards is contingent on achieving these performance conditions by December 31, 2020.

Although no awards vest until the Company attains the performance conditions described above, compensation related to the 2017 LTIP will be recorded based on management’s assessment of the probability of meeting the performance conditions. If the performance conditions are probable of being achieved, we will begin recognizing the associated non-cash, stock-based compensation expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) over the estimated period to achieve the performance condition.

During both the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we determined that 75% of the 2017 LTIP performance conditions were probable of achievement. During 2018, management determined the 2017 LTIP performance conditions were neither probable nor improbable of achievement. As a result, we are no longer recording non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for the 2017 LTIP. We recorded non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, as indicated in the table below titled “Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized.”

2019 LTIP. On August 17, 2018, we adopted a long-term, performance-based stock incentive plan (the “2019 LTIP”). The 2019 LTIP provides stock options, which vest based on certain company-specific subscriber, operational and/or financial performance conditions. Vesting of the stock awards is contingent on achieving these conditions by December 31, 2023.

Although no awards vest until the Company attains the performance conditions described above, compensation related to the 2019 LTIP will be recorded based on management’s assessment of the probability of meeting the performance conditions. If the performance conditions are probable of being achieved, we will begin recognizing the associated non-cash, stock-based compensation expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) over the estimated period to achieve the performance condition.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we determined that 82% of the 2019 LTIP performance conditions were probable of achievement. As a result, non-cash, stock-based compensation expense was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018, as indicated in the table below titled “Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized.”

Other Employee Performance Awards. In addition to the above long-term, performance stock incentive plans, we have other stock awards that vest based on certain other company-specific subscriber, operational and/or financial performance conditions. Exercise of these stock awards is contingent on achieving certain performance conditions.

Additional compensation related to these awards will be recorded based on management’s assessment of the probability of meeting the remaining performance conditions. If the remaining performance conditions are probable of being achieved, we will begin recognizing the associated non-cash, stock-based compensation expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) over the estimated period to achieve the performance condition. See the table below titled “Estimated Remaining Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense.”

Although no awards vest until the performance conditions are attained, we determined that certain performance conditions described above were probable of achievement and, as a result, recorded non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, as indicated in the table below titled “Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized.”

Given the competitive nature of our business, small variations in subscriber churn, gross new subscriber activation rates and certain other factors can significantly impact subscriber growth. Consequently, while it was determined that achievement of certain other company-specific subscriber, operational and/or financial performance conditions were not probable as of December 31, 2018, that assessment could change in the future.

The non-cash, stock-based compensation expense associated with these awards was as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
2019 LTIP	$	3,534	$	—	$	—
2017 LTIP		3,334		10,640		—
2013 LTIP (1)		(2,471)		(321)		2,565
Other employee performance awards		17,945		7,549		1,424
Total non-cash, stock-based compensation expense recognized for performance based awards	$	22,342	$	17,868	$	3,989

(1)

“Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized” includes forfeitures.


Estimated Remaining Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense	2019 LTIP		2017 LTIP		2013 LTIP		Other Employee Performance Awards
	(In thousands)
Expense estimated to be recognized during 2019	$	14,122	$	—	$	—	$	17,946
Estimated contingent expense subsequent to 2019		26,410		20,910		34,342		64,313
Total estimated remaining expense over the term of the plan	$	40,532	$	20,910	$	34,342	$	82,259

Of the 14.2 million stock options and 1.8 million restricted stock units and awards outstanding under our stock incentive plans as of December 31, 2018, the following awards were outstanding pursuant to our performance-based stock incentive plans:


	As of December 31, 2018
Performance Based Stock Options	Number of Awards	Weighted- Average Grant Price
2019 LTIP	4,296,000	$	35.42
2017 LTIP	2,512,386	$	56.99
2013 LTIP	1,021,500	$	41.35
Other employee performance awards	1,140,000	$	21.31
Total	8,969,886	$	40.34

Restricted Performance Units/Awards
2013 LTIP	510,750
Other employee performance awards	1,215,500
Total	1,726,250

Stock-Based Compensation

Total non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for all of our employees is shown in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 and was allocated to the same expense categories as the base compensation for such employees:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Subscriber-related	$	1,150	$	1,562	$	694
Satellite and transmission		262		1,761		—
General and administrative		34,849		26,618		12,343
Total non-cash, stock-based compensation	$	36,261	$	29,941	$	13,037

As of December 31, 2018, our total unrecognized compensation cost related to our non-performance based unvested stock awards was $36 million and will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.7 years. Share-based compensation expense is recognized based on stock awards ultimately expected to vest.

Valuation

The fair value of each stock option granted for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was estimated at the date of the grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
Stock Options	2018							2017							2016
Risk-free interest rate		2.09	%	-		2.98	%		1.34	%	-		2.29	%		1.06	%	-		2.27	%
Volatility factor		23.33	%	-		30.22	%		22.25	%	-		26.15	%		26.12	%	-		33.37	%
Expected term of options in years		2.8		-		5.5			3.8		-		5.5			5.4		-		10.0
Fair value of options granted	$	7.10		-	$	12.53		$	11.95		-	$	16.69		$	12.45		-	$	26.86

While we currently do not intend to declare dividends on our common stock, we may elect to do so from time to time.

Accordingly, the dividend yield percentage used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model was set at zero for all periods. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded stock options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Consequently, our estimate of fair value may differ from other valuation models. Further, the Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions. Changes in these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

We will continue to evaluate the assumptions used to derive the estimated fair value of our stock options as new events or changes in circumstances become known.

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

14. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

As of December 31, 2018, future maturities of our long-term debt, capital lease and contractual obligations are summarized as follows:


	Payments due by period
	Total		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter
	(In thousands)
Long-term debt obligations	$	15,957,087	$	1,322,070	$	1,104,503	$	2,004,626	$	2,004,756	$	1,504,569	$	8,016,563
Capital lease obligations		66,984		19,922		19,166		20,645		7,251		—		—
Interest expense on long-term debt and capital lease obligations		4,247,370		889,686		759,850		662,942		594,458		438,488		901,946
Satellite-related obligations		887,386		311,374		236,913		206,111		124,668		8,320		—
Operating lease obligations		162,335		38,561		25,482		20,915		16,208		10,371		50,798
Purchase obligations		1,392,861		1,296,580		48,966		29,284		18,031		—		—
Total	$	22,714,023	$	3,878,193	$	2,194,880	$	2,944,523	$	2,765,372	$	1,961,748	$	8,969,307

In certain circumstances the dates on which we are obligated to make these payments could be delayed. These amounts will increase to the extent that we procure launch and/or in-orbit insurance on our satellites or contract for the construction, launch or lease of additional satellites.

The table above does not include $385 million of liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits that were accrued, as discussed in Note 10 and are included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018. We do not expect any portion of this amount to be paid or settled within the next twelve months.

The table above does not include all potential expenses we expect to incur for our wireless projects including, among other things, our First Phase plan to deploy a next-generation 5G-capable network, focused on supporting narrowband IoT. We currently expect expenditures for our wireless projects to be between $500 million and $1.0 billion through 2020. We expect the second phase of our network deployment (“Second Phase”) to follow once the 3GPP Release 16 is standardized and as our plans for our other spectrum holdings develop, we plan to upgrade and expand our network to full 5G to support new use cases. We currently expect expenditures for the Second Phase to be approximately $10 billion. For further discussion see below.

Wireless

Since 2008, we have directly invested over $11 billion to acquire certain wireless spectrum licenses and related assets and made over $10 billion in non-controlling investments in certain entities, for a total of over $21 billion, as described further below.

DISH Network Spectrum

We have directly invested over $11 billion to acquire certain wireless spectrum licenses and related assets.

700 MHz Licenses. In 2008, we paid $712 million to acquire certain 700 MHz E Block (“700 MHz”) wireless spectrum licenses, which were granted to us by the FCC in February 2009. These licenses are subject to certain build-out requirements. By March 2020, we must provide signal coverage and offer service to at least 70% of the population in each of our E Block license areas (the “700 MHz Build-Out Requirement”). If the 700 MHz Build-Out Requirement is not met with respect to any particular E Block license area, our authorization may terminate for the geographic portion of that license area in which we are not providing service. In addition to the 700 MHz Build-Out Requirement deadline in March 2020, these wireless spectrum licenses also expire in March 2020 unless they are renewed by the FCC. There can be no assurances that the FCC will renew these wireless spectrum licenses.

AWS-4 Licenses. On March 2, 2012, the FCC approved the transfer of 40 MHz of wireless spectrum licenses held by DBSD North America, Inc. (“DBSD North America”) and TerreStar Networks, Inc. (“TerreStar”) to us. On March 9, 2012, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity of reorganized DBSD North America (the “DBSD Transaction”) and substantially all of the assets of TerreStar (the “TerreStar Transaction”), pursuant to which we acquired, among other things, certain satellite assets and wireless spectrum licenses held by DBSD North America and TerreStar. The total consideration to acquire the DBSD North America and TerreStar assets was approximately $2.860 billion.

On February 15, 2013, the FCC issued an order, which became effective on March 7, 2013, modifying our licenses to expand our terrestrial operating authority with AWS-4 authority (“AWS-4”). These licenses are subject to certain build-out requirements. By March 2020, we are required to provide terrestrial signal coverage and offer terrestrial service to at least 70% of the population in each area covered by an individual license (the “AWS-4 Build-Out Requirement”). If the AWS-4 Build-Out Requirement is not met with respect to any particular individual license, our terrestrial authorization for that license area may terminate. The FCC’s December 20, 2013 order also conditionally waived certain FCC rules for our AWS-4 licenses to allow us to repurpose all 20 MHz of our uplink spectrum (2000-2020 MHz) for terrestrial downlink operations. On June 1, 2016, we notified the FCC that we had elected to use our AWS-4 uplink spectrum for terrestrial downlink operations, and effective June 7, 2016, the FCC modified our AWS-4 licenses, resulting in all 40 MHz of our AWS-4 spectrum being designated for terrestrial downlink operations. These wireless spectrum licenses expire in March 2023 unless they are renewed by the FCC. There can be no assurances that the FCC will renew these wireless spectrum licenses.

H Block Licenses. On April 29, 2014, the FCC issued an order granting our application to acquire all 176 wireless spectrum licenses in the H Block auction. We paid approximately $1.672 billion to acquire these H Block licenses, including clearance costs associated with the lower H Block spectrum. The H Block licenses are subject to certain build-out requirements. By April 2022, we must provide reliable signal coverage and offer service to at least 75% of the population in each area covered by an individual H Block license (the “H Block Build-Out Requirement”). If the H Block Build-Out Requirement is not met, our authorization for each H Block license area in which we do not meet the requirement may terminate. These wireless spectrum licenses expire in April 2024 unless they are renewed by the FCC. There can be no assurances that the FCC will renew these wireless spectrum licenses.

600 MHz Licenses. The broadcast incentive auction in the 600 MHz frequency range (“Auction 1000”) began on March 29, 2016 and concluded on March 30, 2017. On April 13, 2017, the FCC announced that ParkerB.com Wireless L.L.C. (“ParkerB.com”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH Network, was the winning bidder for 486 wireless spectrum licenses (the “600 MHz Licenses”) with aggregate winning bids totaling approximately $6.211 billion. On April 27, 2017, ParkerB.com filed an application with the FCC to acquire the 600 MHz Licenses. On July 1, 2016, we paid $1.5 billion to the FCC as a deposit for Auction 1000. On May 11, 2017, we paid the remaining balance of our winning bids of approximately $4.711 billion. On June 14, 2017, the FCC issued an order granting ParkerB.com’s application to acquire the 600 MHz Licenses.

The 600 MHz Licenses are subject to certain interim and final build-out requirements. By June 2023, we must provide reliable signal coverage and offer wireless service to at least 40% of the population in each area covered by an individual 600 MHz License (the “600 MHz Interim Build-Out Requirement”). By June 2029, we must provide reliable signal coverage and offer wireless service to at least 75% of the population in each area covered by an individual 600 MHz License (the “600 MHz Final Build-Out Requirement”). If the 600 MHz Interim Build-Out Requirement is not met, the 600 MHz License term and the 600 MHz Final Build-Out Requirement may be accelerated by two years (from June 2029 to June 2027) for each 600 MHz License area in which we do not meet the requirement. If the 600 MHz Final Build-Out Requirement is not met, our authorization for each 600 MHz License area in which we do not meet the requirement may terminate. In addition, certain broadcasters will have up to 39 months (ending July 13, 2020) to relinquish their 600 MHz spectrum, which may impact the timing for our ability to commence operations using certain 600 MHz Licenses. The FCC has issued the 600 MHz Licenses prior to the clearance of the spectrum, and the build-out deadlines are based on the date that the 600 MHz Licenses were issued to us, not the date that the spectrum is cleared. These wireless spectrum licenses expire in June 2029 unless they are renewed by the FCC. There can be no assurances that the FCC will renew these wireless spectrum licenses.

MVDDS Licenses. We have multichannel video distribution and data service (“MVDDS”) licenses in 82 out of 214 geographical license areas, including Los Angeles, New York City, Chicago and several other major metropolitan areas. By August 2014, we were required to meet certain FCC build-out requirements related to our MVDDS licenses, and we are subject to certain FCC service rules applicable to these licenses. In January 2015, the FCC granted our application to extend the build-out requirements related to our MVDDS licenses. We now have until the third quarter 2019 to provide “substantial service” on our MVDDS licenses. Our MVDDS licenses may be terminated if we do not provide substantial service in accordance with the new build-out requirements. These wireless spectrum licenses expire in August 2024 unless they are renewed by the FCC. There can be no assurances that the FCC will renew these wireless spectrum licenses.

In 2016, the MVDDS 5G Coalition, of which we are a member, filed a petition for rulemaking requesting the FCC to consider updating the rules to allow us to provide two-way 5G services using our MVDDS licenses. We cannot predict when or if the FCC will grant the petition and proceed with a rulemaking. If the FCC adopts rules that would allow us to provide two-way 5G services using our MVDDS licenses, the requests of OneWeb and others for authority to use the band for service from NGSO satellite systems may hinder our ability to provide 5G services using our MVDDS licenses.

LMDS Licenses. As a result of the completion of the Share Exchange on February 28, 2017, we acquired from EchoStar certain Local Multipoint Distribution Service (“LMDS”) licenses in four markets: Cheyenne, Kansas City, Phoenix, and San Diego. The “substantial service” milestone has been met with respect to each of the licenses. In addition, through the FCC’s Spectrum Frontiers proceeding, a portion of each of our LMDS licenses were reassigned to the Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service band (27.5-28.35 GHz), which will allow for a more flexible use of the licenses, including, among other things, 5G mobile operations. These wireless spectrum licenses have been renewed by the FCC through September 2028. There can be no assurances that the FCC will renew these wireless spectrum licenses.

Commercialization of Our Wireless Spectrum Licenses and Related Assets. In March 2017, we notified the FCC that we plan to deploy a next-generation 5G-capable network, focused on supporting narrowband IoT. We expect to complete the First Phase by March 2020, with subsequent phases to be completed thereafter. As of December 31, 2018, we had entered into vendor contracts with multiple parties for, among other things, base stations, chipsets, modules, tower leases, the core network, RF design, and deployment services for the First Phase. Among other things, initial RF design in connection with the First Phase is now complete, we have secured certain tower sites, and we are in the process of identifying and securing additional tower sites. The core network has been installed and commissioned. We installed the first base stations on sites in 2018, and plan to continue deployment until complete. We currently expect expenditures for our wireless projects to be between $500 million and $1.0 billion through 2020. We expect the Second Phase to follow once the 3GPP Release 16 is standardized and as our plans for our other spectrum holdings develop, we plan to upgrade and expand our network to full 5G to support new use cases. We currently expect expenditures for the Second Phase to be approximately $10 billion.

We will need to make significant additional investments or partner with others to, among other things, commercialize, build-out, and integrate these licenses and related assets, and any additional acquired licenses and related assets; and comply with regulations applicable to such licenses. Depending on the nature and scope of such commercialization, build-out, integration efforts, and regulatory compliance, any such investments or partnerships could vary significantly. In addition, as we consider our options for the commercialization of our wireless spectrum, we will incur significant additional expenses and will have to make significant investments related to, among other things, research and development, wireless testing and wireless network infrastructure. We may also determine that additional wireless spectrum licenses may be required to commercialize our wireless business and to compete with other wireless service providers. For example, on September 18, 2018, we filed an application with the FCC to participate as a bidder in the FCC’s auction of Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service licenses in the 27.5–28.35 GHz bands (“Auction 101”) and 24.25–24.45 and 24.75–25.25 GHz bands (“Auction 102” and collectively with Auction 101, “Auctions 101 & 102”). On October 10, 2018, the FCC announced that a subsidiary of DISH Network and 25 other applicants were qualified to participate in Auction 101 and that a subsidiary of DISH Network and 33 other applicants were qualified to participate in Auction 102. Auction 101 commence on November 14, 2018 and concluded January 24, 2019.

Auction 102 is scheduled to commence March 14, 2019. The FCC determined that bidding in these auctions will be “anonymous,” which means that prior to and during the course of the auctions, the FCC will not make public any information about a specific applicant’s upfront deposit or its bids. In addition, FCC rules restrict information that bidders may disclose about their participation in the auctions.

On July 9, 2018, the FCC sent us a letter inquiring about our progress toward meeting certain build-out milestones by March 2020, which is publicly available on the FCC’s website. On September 21, 2018, we filed a response letter with the FCC regarding our progress toward meeting certain build-out milestones. We will continue to update the FCC about our progress on the First Phase. There is no assurance that the FCC will find our build-out, including the First Phase, sufficient to meet the build-out requirements to which our wireless spectrum licenses are subject.

We may need to raise significant additional capital in the future to fund the efforts described above, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop and implement a business model that will realize a return on these wireless spectrum licenses or that we will be able to profitably deploy the assets represented by these wireless spectrum licenses, which may affect the carrying amount of these assets and our future financial condition or results of operations.

DISH Network Non-Controlling Investments in the Northstar Entities and the SNR Entities Related to AWS-3 Wireless Spectrum Licenses

Non-Controlling Investments

During 2015, through our wholly-owned subsidiaries American II and American III, we initially made over $10 billion in certain non-controlling investments in Northstar Spectrum, the parent company of Northstar Wireless, and in SNR HoldCo, the parent company of SNR Wireless, respectively. Under the applicable accounting guidance in ASC 810, Northstar Spectrum and SNR HoldCo are considered variable interest entities and, based on the characteristics of the structure of these entities and in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, we consolidate these entities into our financial statements. See Note 2 for further information.

Northstar Investment. Through American II, we own a non-controlling interest in Northstar Spectrum, which is comprised of 85% of the Class B Common Interests and 100% of the Class A Preferred Interests of Northstar Spectrum. Northstar Manager is the sole manager of Northstar Spectrum and owns a controlling interest in Northstar Spectrum, which is comprised of 15% of the Class B Common Interests of Northstar Spectrum. As of March 31, 2018, the total equity contributions from American II and Northstar Manager to Northstar Spectrum were approximately $7.621 billion and $133 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, the total loans from American II to Northstar Wireless under the Northstar Credit Agreement (as defined below) for payments to the FCC related to the Northstar Licenses (as defined below) were approximately $500 million. See below for further information.

SNR Investment. Through American III, we own a non-controlling interest in SNR HoldCo, which is comprised of 85% of the Class B Common Interests and 100% of the Class A Preferred Interests of SNR HoldCo. SNR Management is the sole manager of SNR HoldCo and owns a controlling interest in SNR HoldCo, which is comprised of 15% of the Class B Common Interests of SNR HoldCo. As of March 31, 2018, the total equity contributions from American III and SNR Management to SNR HoldCo were approximately $5.590 billion and $93 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, the total loans from American III to SNR Wireless under the SNR Credit Agreement (as defined below) for payments to the FCC related to the SNR Licenses (as defined below) were approximately $500 million. See below for further information.

AWS-3 Auction

Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless each filed applications with the FCC to participate in Auction 97 (the “AWS-3 Auction”) for the purpose of acquiring certain AWS-3 Licenses. Each of Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless applied to receive bidding credits of 25% as designated entities under applicable FCC rules.

Northstar Wireless was the winning bidder for AWS-3 Licenses with gross winning bid amounts totaling approximately $7.845 billion, which after taking into account a 25% bidding credit, was approximately $5.884 billion. SNR Wireless was the winning bidder for AWS-3 Licenses with gross winning bid amounts totaling approximately $5.482 billion, which after taking into account a 25% bidding credit, was approximately $4.112 billion. In addition to the net winning bids, SNR Wireless made a bid withdrawal payment of approximately $8 million.

FCC Order and October 2015 Arrangements. On August 18, 2015, the FCC released a Memorandum Opinion and Order, FCC 15-104 (the “Order”) in which the FCC determined, among other things, that DISH Network has a controlling interest in, and is an affiliate of, Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless, and therefore DISH Network’s revenues should be attributed to them, which in turn makes Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless ineligible to receive the 25% bidding credits (approximately $1.961 billion for Northstar Wireless and $1.370 billion for SNR Wireless).

Letters Exchanged between Northstar Wireless and the FCC Wireless Bureau. As outlined in letters exchanged between Northstar Wireless and the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau of the FCC (the “FCC Wireless Bureau”), Northstar Wireless paid the gross winning bid amounts for 261 AWS-3 Licenses (the “Northstar Licenses”) totaling approximately $5.619 billion through the application of funds already on deposit with the FCC. Northstar Wireless also notified the FCC that it would not be paying the gross winning bid amounts for 84 AWS-3 Licenses totaling approximately $2.226 billion.

As a result of the nonpayment of those gross winning bid amounts, the FCC retained those licenses and Northstar Wireless owed the FCC an additional interim payment of approximately $334 million (the “Northstar Interim Payment”), which is equal to 15% of $2.226 billion. The Northstar Interim Payment was recorded as an expense during the fourth quarter 2015. Northstar Wireless immediately satisfied the Northstar Interim Payment through the application of funds already on deposit with the FCC and an additional loan from American II of approximately $69 million. As a result, the FCC will not deem Northstar Wireless to be a “current defaulter” under applicable FCC rules.

In addition, the FCC Wireless Bureau acknowledged that Northstar Wireless’ nonpayment of those gross winning bid amounts does not constitute action involving gross misconduct, misrepresentation or bad faith. Therefore, the FCC concluded that such nonpayment will not affect the eligibility of Northstar Wireless, its investors (including DISH Network) or their respective affiliates to participate in future spectrum auctions (including Auction 1000 and any re-auction of the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC). At this time, DISH Network (through itself, a subsidiary or another entity in which it may hold a direct or indirect interest) expects to participate in any re-auction of those AWS-3 licenses.

If the winning bids from re-auction or other award of the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC are greater than or equal to the winning bids of Northstar Wireless, no additional amounts will be owed to the FCC. However, if those winning bids are less than the winning bids of Northstar Wireless, then Northstar Wireless will be responsible for the difference less any overpayment of the Northstar Interim Payment (which will be recalculated as 15% of the winning bids from re-auction or other award) (the “Northstar Re-Auction Payment”). For example, if the winning bids in a re-auction are $1, the Northstar Re-Auction Payment would be approximately $1.892 billion, which is calculated as the difference between $2.226 billion (the Northstar winning bid amounts) and $1 (the winning bids from re-auction) less the resulting $334 million overpayment of the Northstar Interim Payment. As discussed above, at this time, DISH Network (through itself, a subsidiary or another entity in which it may hold a direct or indirect interest) expects to participate in any re-auction. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the timing or outcome of any re-auction or the amount of any Northstar Re-Auction Payment.

DISH Network Guaranty in Favor of the FCC for Certain Northstar Wireless Obligations. On October 1, 2015, DISH Network entered into a guaranty in favor of the FCC (the “FCC Northstar Guaranty”) with respect to the Northstar Interim Payment (which was satisfied on October 1, 2015) and any Northstar Re-Auction Payment. The FCC Northstar Guaranty provides, among other things, that during the period between the due date for the payments guaranteed under the FCC Northstar Guaranty and the date such guaranteed payments are paid: (i) Northstar Wireless’ payment obligations to American II under the Northstar Credit Agreement will be subordinated to such guaranteed payments; and (ii) DISH Network or American II will withhold exercising certain rights as a creditor of Northstar Wireless.

Letters Exchanged between SNR Wireless and the FCC Wireless Bureau. As outlined in letters exchanged between SNR Wireless and the FCC Wireless Bureau, SNR Wireless paid the gross winning bid amounts for 244 AWS-3 Licenses (the “SNR Licenses”) totaling approximately $4.271 billion through the application of funds already on deposit with the FCC and a portion of an additional loan from American III in an aggregate amount of approximately $344 million (which included an additional bid withdrawal payment of approximately $3 million). SNR Wireless also notified the FCC that it would not be paying the gross winning bid amounts for 113 AWS-3 Licenses totaling approximately $1.211 billion.

As a result of the nonpayment of those gross winning bid amounts, the FCC retained those licenses and SNR Wireless owed the FCC an additional interim payment of approximately $182 million (the “SNR Interim Payment”), which is equal to 15% of $1.211 billion. The SNR Interim Payment was recorded as an expense during the fourth quarter 2015. SNR Wireless immediately satisfied the SNR Interim Payment through a portion of an additional loan from American III in an aggregate amount of approximately $344 million. As a result, the FCC will not deem SNR Wireless to be a “current defaulter” under applicable FCC rules.

In addition, the FCC Wireless Bureau acknowledged that SNR Wireless’ nonpayment of those gross winning bid amounts does not constitute action involving gross misconduct, misrepresentation or bad faith. Therefore, the FCC concluded that such nonpayment will not affect the eligibility of SNR Wireless, its investors (including DISH Network) or their respective affiliates to participate in future spectrum auctions (including Auction 1000 and any re-auction of the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC). At this time, DISH Network (through itself, a subsidiary or another entity in which it may hold a direct or indirect interest) expects to participate in any re-auction of those AWS-3 licenses.

If the winning bids from re-auction or other award of the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC are greater than or equal to the winning bids of SNR Wireless, no additional amounts will be owed to the FCC. However, if those winning bids are less than the winning bids of SNR Wireless, then SNR Wireless will be responsible for the difference less any overpayment of the SNR Interim Payment (which will be recalculated as 15% of the winning bids from re-auction or other award) (the “SNR Re-Auction Payment”). For example, if the winning bids in a re-auction are $1, the SNR Re-Auction Payment would be approximately $1.029 billion, which is calculated as the difference between $1.211 billion (the SNR winning bid amounts) and $1 (the winning bids from re-auction) less the resulting $182 million overpayment of the SNR Interim Payment. As discussed above, at this time, DISH Network (through itself, a subsidiary or another entity in which it may hold a direct or indirect interest) expects to participate in any re-auction. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the timing or outcome of any re-auction or the amount of any SNR Re-Auction Payment.

DISH Network Guaranty in Favor of the FCC for Certain SNR Wireless Obligations. On October 1, 2015, DISH Network entered into a guaranty in favor of the FCC (the “FCC SNR Guaranty”) with respect to the SNR Interim Payment (which was satisfied on October 1, 2015) and any SNR Re-Auction Payment. The FCC SNR Guaranty provides, among other things, that during the period between the due date for the payments guaranteed under the FCC SNR Guaranty and the date such guaranteed payments are paid: (i) SNR Wireless’ payment obligations to American III under the SNR Credit Agreement will be subordinated to such guaranteed payments; and (ii) DISH Network or American III will withhold exercising certain rights as a creditor of SNR Wireless.

On October 27, 2015, the FCC granted the Northstar Licenses to Northstar Wireless and the SNR Licenses to SNR Wireless, respectively, which are recorded in “FCC authorizations” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The AWS-3 Licenses are subject to certain interim and final build-out requirements. By October 2021, Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless must provide reliable signal coverage and offer service to at least 40% of the population in each area covered by an individual AWS-3 License (the “AWS-3 Interim Build-Out Requirement”). By October 2027, Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless must provide reliable signal coverage and offer service to at least 75% of the population in each area covered by an individual AWS-3 License (the “AWS-3 Final Build-Out Requirement”). If the AWS-3 Interim Build-Out Requirement is not met, the AWS-3 License term and the AWS-3 Final Build-Out Requirement may be accelerated by two years (from October 2027 to October 2025) for each AWS-3 License area in which Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless do not meet the requirement. If the AWS-3 Final Build-Out Requirement is not met, the authorization for each AWS-3 License area in which Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless do not meet the requirement may terminate. These wireless spectrum licenses expire in October 2027 unless they are renewed by the FCC. There can be no assurances that the FCC will renew these wireless spectrum licenses.

Qui Tam. On September 23, 2016, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia unsealed a qui tam complaint that was filed by Vermont National Telephone Company (“Vermont National”) against us; our wholly-owned subsidiaries, American AWS-3 Wireless I L.L.C., American II, American III, and DISH Wireless Holding L.L.C.; Charles W. Ergen (our Chairman) and Cantey M. Ergen (a member of our board of directors); Northstar Wireless; Northstar Spectrum; Northstar Manager; SNR Wireless; SNR HoldCo; SNR Management; and certain other parties. See “Contingencies – Litigation – Vermont National Telephone Company” for further information.

D.C. Circuit Court Opinion. On August 29, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (the “D.C. Circuit”) in SNR Wireless LicenseCo, LLC, et al. v. Federal Communications Commission, 868 F.3d 1021 (D.C. Cir. 2017) (the “Appellate Decision”) affirmed the Order in part, and remanded the matter to the FCC to give Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless an opportunity to seek to negotiate a cure of the issues identified by the FCC in the Order (a “Cure”). On January 26, 2018, SNR Wireless and Northstar Wireless filed a petition for a writ of certiorari, asking the United States Supreme Court to hear an appeal from the Appellate Decision, which the United States Supreme Court denied on June 25, 2018.

Order on Remand. On January 24, 2018, the FCC released an Order on Remand, DA 18-70 (the “Order on Remand”) purporting to establish a procedure to afford Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless the opportunity to implement a Cure pursuant to the Appellate Decision. The Order on Remand provided that Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless each had until April 24, 2018 to file the necessary documentation to demonstrate that, in light of such changes, each of Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless qualifies for the very small business bidding credit that it sought in the AWS-3 Auction. Additionally, the Order on Remand provides that if either Northstar Wireless or SNR Wireless needs additional time to negotiate new or amended agreements, it may request to extend the deadline for such negotiations for an additional 45 days (extending the deadline to June 8, 2018). On April 16, 2018, the FCC approved Northstar Wireless’ and SNR Wireless’ requests to extend the deadline for such negotiations for an additional 45 days to June 8, 2018. On June 8, 2018, Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless each filed amended agreements to demonstrate that, in light of such changes, each of Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless qualifies for the very small business bidding credit that it sought in the AWS-3 Auction. The Order on Remand also provided, among other things, until July 23, 2018 for certain third-parties to file comments about any changes to the agreements proposed by Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless and several third-parties filed comments (with one opposition). On October 22, 2018, Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless filed a response to the third-party comments.

Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless have submitted eleven separate requests for meetings with the FCC regarding a Cure. To date, with the lone exception of the Office of former Commissioner Mignon Clyburn, the parties have been refused an audience with the Commissioners and staff of the FCC. Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless have filed a Joint Application for Review of the Order on Remand requesting, among other things, an iterative negotiation process with the FCC regarding a Cure, which was denied on July 12, 2018. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the timing or outcome of these proceedings.

Northstar Operative Agreements

Northstar LLC Agreement. Northstar Spectrum is governed by a limited liability company agreement by and between American II and Northstar Manager (the “Northstar Spectrum LLC Agreement”). Pursuant to the Northstar Spectrum LLC Agreement, American II and Northstar Manager made pro-rata equity contributions in Northstar Spectrum.

On March 31, 2018, American II, Northstar Spectrum, and Northstar Manager amended and restated the Northstar Spectrum LLC Agreement, to, among other things: (i) exchange $6.870 billion of the amounts outstanding and owed by Northstar Wireless to American II pursuant to the Northstar Credit Agreement (as defined below) for 6,870,493 Class A Preferred Interests in Northstar Spectrum (the “Northstar Preferred Interests”); (ii) replace the existing investor protection provisions with the investor protections described by the FCC in Baker Creek Communications, LLC, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 13 FCC Rcd 18709, 18715 (1998); (iii) delete the obligation of Northstar Manager to consult with American II regarding budgets and business plans; and (iv) remove the requirement that Northstar Spectrum’s systems be interoperable with ours. The Northstar Preferred Interests: (a) are non-voting; (b) have a 12 percent mandatory quarterly distribution, which can be paid in cash or additional face amount of Northstar Preferred Interests at the sole discretion of Northstar Manager; and (c) have a liquidation preference equal to the then-current face amount of the Northstar Preferred Interests plus accrued and unpaid mandatory quarterly distributions in the event of certain liquidation events or deemed liquidation events (e.g., a merger or dissolution of Northstar Spectrum, or a sale of substantially all of Northstar Spectrum’s assets). As a result of the exchange noted in (i) above, a principal amount of $500 million of debt remains under the Northstar Credit Agreement, as described below.

On June 7, 2018, American II, Northstar Spectrum, and Northstar Manager amended and restated the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated March 31, 2018, by and among American II, Northstar Spectrum, and Northstar Manager, to, among other things: (i) reduce the mandatory quarterly distribution for the Northstar Preferred Interests from 12 percent to eight percent from and after June 7, 2018; (ii) increase the window for Northstar Manager to “put” its interest in Northstar Spectrum to Northstar Spectrum after October 27, 2020 from 30 days to 90 days; (iii) provide an additional 90-day window for Northstar Manager to put its interest in Northstar Spectrum to Northstar Spectrum commencing on October 27, 2021; (iv) provide a right for Northstar Manager to require an appraisal of the fair market value of its interest in Northstar Spectrum at any time from October 27, 2022 through October 27, 2024, coupled with American II having the right to accept the offer to sell from Northstar Manager; (v) allow Northstar Manager to sell its interest in Northstar Spectrum without American II’s consent any time after October 27, 2020 (previously October 27, 2025); (vi) allow Northstar Spectrum to conduct an initial public offering without American II’s consent any time after October 27, 2022 (previously October 27, 2029); (vii) remove American II’s rights of first refusal with respect to Northstar Manager’s sale of its interest in Northstar Spectrum or Northstar Spectrum’s sale of any AWS-3 Licenses; and (viii) remove American II’s tag along rights with respect to Northstar Manager’s sale of its interest in Northstar Spectrum.

Northstar Wireless Credit Agreement. On October 1, 2015, American II, Northstar Wireless and Northstar Spectrum amended the First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated October 13, 2014, by and among American II, as Lender, Northstar Wireless, as Borrower, and Northstar Spectrum, as Guarantor (as amended, the “Northstar Credit Agreement”), to provide, among other things, that: (i) the Northstar Interim Payment and any Northstar Re-Auction Payment will be made by American II directly to the FCC and will be deemed as loans under the Northstar Credit Agreement; (ii) the FCC is a third-party beneficiary with respect to American II’s obligation to pay the Northstar Interim Payment and any Northstar Re-Auction Payment; (iii) in the event that the winning bids from re-auction or other award of the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC are less than the winning bids of Northstar Wireless, the purchaser, assignee or transferee of any AWS-3 Licenses from Northstar Wireless is obligated to pay its pro-rata share of the difference (and Northstar Wireless remains jointly and severally liable for such pro-rata share); and (iv) during the period between the due date for the payments guaranteed under the FCC Northstar Guaranty (as discussed below) and the date such guaranteed payments are paid, Northstar Wireless’ payment obligations to American II under the Northstar Credit Agreement will be subordinated to such guaranteed payments.

On March 31, 2018, American II, Northstar Wireless, and Northstar Spectrum amended and restated the Northstar Credit Agreement, to, among other things: (i) lower the interest rate on the remaining $500 million principal balance under the Northstar Credit Agreement from 12 percent per annum to six percent per annum; (ii) eliminate the higher interest rate that would apply in the case of an event of default; and (iii) modify and/or remove certain obligations of Northstar Wireless to prepay the outstanding loan amounts.

On June 7, 2018, American II, Northstar Wireless, and Northstar Spectrum amended and restated the Northstar Credit Agreement to, among other things: (i) extend the maturity date on the remaining loan balance from seven years to 10 years; and (ii) remove the obligation of Northstar Wireless to obtain American II’s consent for unsecured financing and equipment financing in excess of $25 million.

SNR Operative Agreements

SNR LLC Agreement. SNR HoldCo is governed by a limited liability company agreement by and between American III and SNR Management (the “SNR HoldCo LLC Agreement”). Pursuant to the SNR HoldCo LLC Agreement, American III and SNR Management made pro-rata equity contributions in SNR HoldCo.

On March 31, 2018, American III, SNR Holdco, SNR Wireless Management, and John Muleta amended and restated the SNR HoldCo LLC Agreement, to, among other things: (i) exchange $5.065 billion of the amounts outstanding and owed by SNR Wireless to American III pursuant to the SNR Credit Agreement (as defined below) for 5,065,415 Class A Preferred Interests in SNR Holdco (the “SNR Preferred Interests”); (ii) replace the existing investor protection provisions with the investor protections described by the FCC in Baker Creek Communications, LLC, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 13 FCC Rcd 18709, 18715 (1998); (iii) delete the obligation of SNR Management to consult with American III regarding budgets and business plans; and (iv) remove the requirement that SNR Management’s systems be interoperable with ours. The SNR Preferred Interests: (a) are non-voting; (b) have a 12 percent mandatory quarterly distribution, which can be paid in cash or additional face amount of SNR Preferred Interests at the sole discretion of SNR Management; and (c) have a liquidation preference equal to the then-current face amount of the SNR Preferred Interests plus accrued and unpaid mandatory quarterly distributions in the event of certain liquidation events or deemed liquidation events (e.g., a merger or dissolution of SNR Holdco, or a sale of substantially all of SNR Holdco’s assets). As a result of the exchange noted in (i) above, a principal amount of $500 million of debt remains under the SNR Credit Agreement, as described below.

On June 7, 2018, American III, SNR Holdco, SNR Management, and John Muleta amended and restated the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated March 31, 2018, by and among American III, SNR Holdco, SNR Management and John Muleta, to, among other things: (i) reduce the mandatory quarterly distribution for the SNR Preferred Interests from 12 percent to eight percent from and after June 7, 2018; (ii) increase the window for SNR Management to “put” its interest in SNR Holdco to SNR Holdco after October 27, 2020 from 30 days to 90 days; (iii) provide an additional 90-day window for SNR Management to put its interest in SNR Holdco to SNR Holdco commencing on October 27, 2021; (iv) provide a right for SNR Management to require an appraisal of the fair market value of its interest in SNR Holdco at any time from October 27, 2022 through October 27, 2024, coupled with American III having the right to accept the offer to sell from SNR Management; (v) allow SNR Management to sell its interest in SNR Holdco without American III’s consent any time after October 27, 2020 (previously October 27, 2025); (vi) allow SNR Holdco to conduct an initial public offering without American III’s consent any time after October 27, 2022 (previously October 27, 2029); (vii) remove American III’s rights of first refusal with respect to SNR Management’s sale of its interest in SNR Holdco or SNR Holdco’s sale of any AWS-3 Licenses; and (viii) remove American III’s tag along rights with respect to SNR Management’s sale of its interest in SNR Holdco.

SNR Credit Agreement. On October 1, 2015, American III, SNR Wireless and SNR HoldCo amended the First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated October 13, 2014, by and among American III, as Lender, SNR Wireless, as Borrower, and SNR HoldCo, as Guarantor (as amended, the “SNR Credit Agreement”), to provide, among other things, that: (i) the SNR Interim Payment and any SNR Re-Auction Payment will be made by American III directly to the FCC and will be deemed as loans under the SNR Credit Agreement; (ii) the FCC is a third-party beneficiary with respect to American III’s obligation to pay the SNR Interim Payment and any SNR Re-Auction Payment; (iii) in the event that the winning bids from re-auction or other award of the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC are less than the winning bids of SNR Wireless, the purchaser, assignee or transferee of any AWS-3 Licenses from SNR Wireless is obligated to pay its pro-rata share of the difference (and SNR Wireless remains jointly and severally liable for such pro-rata share); and (iv) during the period between the due date for the payments guaranteed under the FCC SNR Guaranty (as discussed below) and the date such guaranteed payments are paid, SNR Wireless’ payment obligations to American III under the SNR Credit Agreement will be subordinated to such guaranteed payments.

On March 31, 2018, American III, SNR Wireless, and SNR Holdco amended and restated the SNR Credit Agreement, to, among other things: (i) lower the interest rate on the remaining $500 million principal balance under the SNR Credit Agreement from 12 percent per annum to six percent per annum; (ii) eliminate the higher interest rate that would apply in the case of an event of default; and (iii) modify and/or remove certain obligations of SNR Wireless to prepay the outstanding loan amounts.

On June 7, 2018, American III, SNR Wireless, and SNR Holdco amended and restated the SNR Credit Agreement to, among other things: (i) extend the maturity date on the remaining loan balance from seven years to 10 years; and (ii) remove the obligation of SNR Wireless to obtain American III’s consent for unsecured financing and equipment financing in excess of $25 million.

The Northstar Entities and/or the SNR Entities may need to raise significant additional capital in the future, which may be obtained from third party sources or from us, so that the Northstar Entities and the SNR Entities may commercialize, build-out and integrate the Northstar Licenses and the SNR Licenses, comply with regulations applicable to the Northstar Licenses and the SNR Licenses, and make any potential Northstar Re-Auction Payment and SNR Re-Auction Payment for the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC. Depending upon the nature and scope of such commercialization, build-out, integration efforts, regulatory compliance, and potential Northstar Re-Auction Payment and SNR Re-Auction Payment, any loans, equity contributions or partnerships could vary significantly. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain a profitable return on our non-controlling investments in the Northstar Entities and the SNR Entities.

Guarantees

During the third quarter 2009, EchoStar entered into a satellite transponder service agreement for Nimiq 5 through 2024. We sublease this capacity from EchoStar and also guarantee a certain portion of EchoStar’s obligation under its satellite transponder service agreement through 2019. As of December 31, 2018, the remaining obligation of our guarantee was $53 million. As of December 31, 2018, we have not recorded a liability on the balance sheet for this guarantee.

Purchase Obligations

Our 2019 purchase obligations primarily consist of binding purchase orders for certain fixed contractual commitments to purchase programming content, receiver systems and related equipment, broadband equipment, digital broadcast operations, transmission costs, streaming delivery technology and infrastructure, engineering services, and other products and services related to the operation of our Pay-TV services. In addition, our 2019 purchase obligations also include equipment related to the network deployment for our wireless business. Our purchase obligations can fluctuate significantly from period to period due to, among other things, management’s timing of payments and inventory purchases, and can materially impact our future operating asset and liability balances, and our future working capital requirements.

Programming Contracts

In the normal course of business, we enter into contracts to purchase programming content in which our payment obligations are generally contingent on the number of Pay-TV subscribers to whom we provide the respective content. These programming commitments are not included in the “Commitments” table above. The terms of our contracts typically range from one to ten years with annual rate increases. Our programming expenses will increase to the extent we are successful in growing our Pay-TV subscriber base. In addition, programming costs per subscriber continue to increase due to contractual price increases and the renewal of long-term programming contracts on less favorable pricing terms.

Rent Expense

Total rent expense for operating leases was $383 million, $407 million and $409 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Patents and Intellectual Property

Many entities, including some of our competitors, have or may in the future obtain patents and other intellectual property rights that cover or affect products or services that we offer or that we may offer in the future. We may not be aware of all intellectual property rights that our products or services may potentially infringe. Damages in patent infringement cases can be substantial, and in certain circumstances can be trebled. Further, we cannot estimate the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to patents held by others and the availability and cost of any such licenses. Various parties have asserted patent and other intellectual property rights with respect to components of our products and services. We cannot be certain that these persons do not own the rights they claim, that our products do not infringe on these rights, and/or that these rights are not valid. Further, we cannot be certain that we would be able to obtain licenses from these persons on commercially reasonable terms or, if we were unable to obtain such licenses, that we would be able to redesign our products to avoid infringement.

Contingencies

Separation Agreement

On January 1, 2008, we completed the distribution of our technology and set-top box business and certain infrastructure assets (the “Spin-off”) into a separate publicly-traded company, EchoStar. In connection with the Spin-off, we entered into a separation agreement with EchoStar that provides, among other things, for the division of certain liabilities, including liabilities resulting from litigation. Under the terms of the separation agreement, EchoStar has assumed certain liabilities that relate to its business, including certain designated liabilities for acts or omissions that occurred prior to the Spin-off. Certain specific provisions govern intellectual property related claims under which, generally, EchoStar will only be liable for its acts or omissions following the Spin-off and we will indemnify EchoStar for any liabilities or damages resulting from intellectual property claims relating to the period prior to the Spin-off, as well as our acts or omissions following the Spin-off. On February 28, 2017, we and EchoStar completed the Share Exchange pursuant to which certain assets that were transferred to EchoStar in the Spin-off were transferred back to us. The Share Exchange Agreement contains additional indemnification provisions between us and EchoStar for certain liabilities and legal proceedings.

Litigation

We are involved in a number of legal proceedings (including those described below) concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business activities. Many of these proceedings are at preliminary stages, and many of these proceedings seek an indeterminate amount of damages. We regularly evaluate the status of the legal proceedings in which we are involved to assess whether a loss is probable or there is a reasonable possibility that a loss or an additional loss may have been incurred and to determine if accruals are appropriate. If accruals are not appropriate, we further evaluate each legal proceeding to assess whether an estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss can be made.

For certain cases described on the following pages, management is unable to provide a meaningful estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss because, among other reasons, (i) the proceedings are in various stages; (ii) damages have not been sought; (iii) damages are unsupported and/or exaggerated; (iv) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions; (v) there are significant factual issues to be resolved; and/or (vi) there are novel legal issues or unsettled legal theories to be presented or a large number of parties. For these cases, however, management does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes of these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, though the outcomes could be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

Blue Spike, LLC

On July 6, 2018, Blue Spike, LLC filed a complaint against us and our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and Dish Network Service L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges infringement of Reissued United States Patent RE44,222E1 (the “222 patent”), entitled “Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth”; Reissued United States Patent RE44,307 (the “307 patent”), entitled “Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth”; and United States Patent Nos. 7,287,275B2 (the “275 patent”), entitled “Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth”; 8,473,746 (the “746 patent”), entitled “Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth”; 8,224,705 (the “705 patent”), entitled “Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth”; 7,475,246 (the “246 patent”), entitled “Secure personal content server”; 8,739,295B2 (the “295 patent”), entitled “Secure personal content server”; 9,021,602 (the “602 patent”), entitled “Data Protection and Device”; 9,104,842 (the “842 patent”), entitled “Data Protection and Device”; 9,934,408 (the “408 patent”), entitled “Secure personal content server”; 7,159,116B2 (the “116 patent”), entitled “Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions”; and 8,538,011B2 (the “011 patent”), entitled “Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions.” On September 5, 2018, pursuant to a joint motion of the parties, the Court ordered the case transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. In a First Amended Complaint filed on October 12, 2018, Blue Spike dropped its claims for infringement of the 222 patent, the 307 patent, the 275 patent, the 705 patent, and the 746 patent. On November 11, 2018, Blue Spike, LLC dismissed its complaint.

On January 28, 2019, Blue Spike, LLC, along with Blue Spike International, Ltd. and Wistaria Trading Ltd., filed a new action against us and our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and Dish Network Service L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. The complaint alleges infringement of the 246 patent, the 295 patent, the 408 patent, the 116 patent, the 011 patent, the 602 patent and the 842 patent, all of which were asserted in the prior action.

We intend to vigorously defend this case. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patents, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. Each of the plaintiffs is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein.

ClearPlay, Inc.

On March 13, 2014, ClearPlay, Inc. (“ClearPlay”) filed a complaint against us, our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C., EchoStar, and its then wholly-owned subsidiary EchoStar Technologies L.L.C., in the United States District Court for the District of Utah. The complaint alleges infringement of United States Patent Nos. 6,898,799 (the “799 patent”), entitled “Multimedia Content Navigation and Playback”; 7,526,784 (the “784 patent”), entitled “Delivery of Navigation Data for Playback of Audio and Video Content”; 7,543,318 (the “318 patent”), entitled “Delivery of Navigation Data for Playback of Audio and Video Content”; 7,577,970 (the “970 patent”), entitled “Multimedia Content Navigation and Playback”; and 8,117,282 (the “282 patent”), entitled “Media Player Configured to Receive Playback Filters From Alternative Storage Mediums.”

ClearPlay alleges that the AutoHop™ feature of our Hopper set-top box infringes the asserted patents. On February 11, 2015, the case was stayed pending various third-party challenges before the United States Patent and Trademark Office regarding the validity of certain of the patents asserted in the action. In those third-party challenges, the United States Patent and Trademark Office found that all claims of the 282 patent are unpatentable, and that certain claims of the 784 patent and 318 patent are unpatentable. ClearPlay appealed as to the 784 patent and the 318 patent, and on August 23, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the findings of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. On October 31, 2016, the stay was lifted. No trial date has been set.

Contemporary Display LLC

On June 4, 2018, Contemporary Display LLC (“Contemporary”) filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. The complaint alleges infringement of United States Patent No. 6,028,643 (the “643 patent”), entitled “Multiple-Screen Video Adapter with Television Tuner”; United States Patent No. 6,429,903 (the “903 patent”), entitled “Video Adapter for Supporting at Least One Television Monitor”; United States Patent No. 6,492,997 (the “997 patent”), entitled “Method and System for Providing Selectable Programming in a Multi-Screen Mode”; United States Patent No. 7,500,202 (the “202 patent”), “Remote Control for Navigating Through Content in an Organized and Categorized Fashion”; and United States Patent No. 7,809,842 (the “842 patent”), entitled “Transferring Sessions Between Devices.” The 643 patent and the 903 patent are directed to video adapters for use with multiple displays. The 997 patent is directed to a system for presenting multiple video programs on a display device simultaneously. The 202 patent is directed to a remote control for interacting with a set-top box having programmable features and “operational controls” on at least three sides of the remote control. The 842 patent is directed to a system for managing online communication sessions between multiple devices. Contemporary is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein.

In a First Amended Complaint filed on August 6, 2018, Contemporary added our wholly owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C. as a defendant. In a Second Amended Complaint filed on October 9, 2018, Contemporary named only our wholly owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C. as a defendant and dropped certain indirect infringement allegations.

Customedia Technologies, L.L.C.

On February 10, 2016, Customedia Technologies, L.L.C. (“Customedia”) filed a complaint against us and our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges infringement of four patents: United States Patent No. 8,719,090 (the “090 patent”); United States Patent No. 9,053,494 (the “494 patent”); United States Patent No. 7,840,437 (the “437 patent”); and United States Patent No. 8,955,029 (the “029 patent”). Each patent is entitled “System for Data Management And On-Demand Rental And Purchase Of Digital Data Products.” Customedia alleges infringement in connection with our addressable advertising services, our DISH Anywhere feature, and our Pay-Per-View and video-on-demand offerings. Customedia is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein.

In December 2016 and January 2017, DISH Network L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of the asserted claims of each of the asserted patents. On June 12, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on our petitions challenging the 090 patent and the 437 patent; on July 18, 2017, it agreed to institute proceedings on our petitions challenging the 029 patent; and on July 28, 2017, it agreed to institute proceedings on our petitions challenging the 494 patent.

These instituted proceedings cover all asserted claims of each of the asserted patents. The litigation in the District Court has been stayed since August 8, 2017 pending resolution of the proceedings at the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Pursuant to an agreement between the parties, on December 20, 2017, DISH Network L.L.C. dismissed its petitions challenging the 029 patent in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and on January 9, 2018, the parties dismissed their claims, counterclaims and defenses as to that patent in the litigation. On March 5, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office conducted a trial on the remaining petitions. On June 11, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued final written decisions on DISH Network L.L.C.’s petitions challenging the 090 patent and it invalidated all of the asserted claims. On July 25, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued final written decisions on DISH Network L.L.C.’s petitions challenging the 437 patent and the 494 patent and it invalidated all of the asserted claims. Customedia has filed notices of appeal from all of the final written decisions adverse to it, and DISH Network L.L.C. has cross-appealed to the extent that its petitions were not successful. On January 30, 2019, DISH Network L.L.C. dismissed its cross-appeals related to the 090 patent.

Dragon Intellectual Property, LLC

On December 20, 2013, Dragon Intellectual Property, LLC (“Dragon IP”) filed complaints against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C., as well as Apple Inc.; AT&T, Inc.; Charter Communications, Inc.; Comcast Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; DirecTV; Sirius XM Radio Inc.; Time Warner Cable Inc. and Verizon Communications, Inc., in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging infringement of United States Patent No. 5,930,444 (the “444 patent”), which is entitled “Simultaneous Recording and Playback Apparatus.” Dragon IP alleges that various of our DVR receivers infringe the 444 patent. Dragon IP is an entity that seeks to license an acquired patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. On December 23, 2014, DISH Network L.L.C. filed a petition before the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of certain claims of the 444 patent. On April 10, 2015, the Court granted DISH Network L.L.C.’s motion to stay the action in light of DISH Network L.L.C.’s petition and certain other defendants’ petitions pending before the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of certain claims of the 444 patent. On July 17, 2015, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute a proceeding on our petition. Pursuant to a stipulation between the parties, on April 27, 2016, the Court entered an order of non-infringement and judgment in favor of DISH Network L.L.C. On June 15, 2016, the United States Patent and Trademark Office entered an order that the patent claims being asserted against DISH Network L.L.C. with respect to the 444 patent are unpatentable. On August 8, 2016, Dragon filed notices of appeal with respect to the Court’s judgment and the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s decision and, on October 5, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit heard oral argument. On November 1, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the unpatentability of the 444 patent based on the petition filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by DISH Network L.L.C., and dismissed as moot the appeal of the order of non-infringement from the District Court.

On December 1, 2017, Dragon IP filed a petition for panel rehearing with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which the Court of Appeals denied on January 31, 2018. On March 16, 2018, Dragon IP filed a petition asking the United States Supreme Court to hear a further appeal on the constitutionality of the procedure by which the United States Patent and Trademark Office invalidated the asserted claims of the 444 patent. That petition was dismissed on June 18, 2018. Dragon IP’s case against DISH Network L.L.C. is now concluded.

Grecia

On March 27, 2015, William Grecia (“Grecia”) filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, alleging infringement of United States Patent No. 8,533,860 (the “860 patent”), which is entitled “Personalized Digital Media Access System – PDMAS Part II.” Grecia alleges that we violate the 860 patent in connection with our digital rights management. Grecia is the named inventor on the 860 patent. On June 22, 2015, the case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. On November 18, 2015, Grecia filed an amended complaint adding allegations that we infringe United States Patent No. 8,402,555 (the “555 patent”), which is entitled “Personalized Digital Media Access System (PDMAS).” Grecia is the named inventor on the 555 patent. Grecia alleges that we violate the 555 patent in connection with our digital rights management. Grecia dismissed his action with prejudice on February 3, 2016.

On February 3, 2016, Grecia filed a new complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging infringement of United States Patent No. 8,887,308 (the “308 patent”), which is entitled “Digital Cloud Access – PDMAS Part III,” on which Grecia is also the named inventor. Grecia alleges that we violate the 308 patent in connection with our DISH Anywhere feature. On July 29, 2016, DISH Network L.L.C. filed a petition before the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of certain claims of the 308 patent. On January 19, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office declined to institute a proceeding on our petition. The litigation in the District Court, which had been stayed since June 13, 2016 pending resolution of DISH Network L.L.C.’s petition to the United States Patent and Trademark Office, was further stayed on February 23, 2017 pending a claim construction order from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in a separate action in which Grecia is asserting the same patent. On September 4, 2018, the Court entered a scheduling order, effectively lifting the stay. On November 12, 2018, the parties filed a stipulation to dismiss the matter with prejudice. This matter is now concluded.

IPA Technologies Inc.

On December 9, 2016, IPA Technologies Inc. (“IPA”) filed suit against us and our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. IPA alleges that our Voice Remote with Hopper 3 infringes United States Patent Number 6,742,021 (the “021 patent”), which is entitled “Navigating Network-based Electronic Information Using Spoken Input with Multimodal Error Feedback”; United States Patent Number 6,523,061 (the “061 patent”), which is entitled “System, Method, and Article of Manufacture for Agent-Based Navigation in a Speech-Based Data Navigation System”; and United States Patent Number 6,757,718 (the “718 patent”), which is entitled “Mobile Navigation of Network-Based Electronic Information Using Spoken Input.” IPA is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. On December 20, 2017, we and DISH Network L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of select claims of each of the asserted patents. On April 10, 2018, the litigation in the District of Delaware was dismissed with prejudice, and on April 23, 2018, DISH Network L.L.C.’s and our petitions before the United States Patent and Trademark Office were terminated. This matter is now concluded.

LightSquared/Harbinger Capital Partners LLC (LightSquared Bankruptcy)

As previously disclosed in our public filings, L-Band Acquisition, LLC (“LBAC”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a Plan Support Agreement (the “PSA”) with certain senior secured lenders to LightSquared LP (the “LightSquared LP Lenders”) on July 23, 2013, which contemplated the purchase by LBAC of substantially all of the assets of LightSquared LP and certain of its subsidiaries (the “LBAC Bid”) that are debtors and debtors in possession in the LightSquared bankruptcy cases pending in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”), which cases are jointly administered under the caption In re LightSquared Inc., et. al., Case No. 12 12080 (SCC).

Pursuant to the PSA, LBAC was entitled to terminate the PSA in certain circumstances, certain of which required three business days’ written notice, including, without limitation, in the event that certain milestones specified in the PSA were not met. On January 7, 2014, LBAC delivered written notice of termination of the PSA to the LightSquared LP Lenders. As a result, the PSA terminated effective on January 10, 2014, and the LBAC Bid was withdrawn.

On August 6, 2013, Harbinger Capital Partners LLC and other affiliates of Harbinger (collectively, “Harbinger”), a shareholder of LightSquared Inc., filed an adversary proceeding against us, LBAC, EchoStar, Charles W. Ergen (our Chairman), SP Special Opportunities, LLC (“SPSO”) (an entity controlled by Mr. Ergen), and certain other parties, in the Bankruptcy Court. Harbinger alleged, among other things, claims based on fraud, unfair competition, civil conspiracy and tortious interference with prospective economic advantage related to certain purchases of LightSquared secured debt by SPSO. Subsequently, LightSquared intervened to join in certain claims alleged against certain defendants other than us, LBAC and EchoStar.

On October 29, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court dismissed all of the claims in Harbinger’s complaint in their entirety, but granted leave for LightSquared to file its own complaint in intervention. On November 15, 2013, LightSquared filed its complaint, which included various claims against us, EchoStar, Mr. Ergen and SPSO. On December 2, 2013, Harbinger filed an amended complaint, asserting various claims against SPSO. On December 12, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court dismissed several of the claims asserted by LightSquared and Harbinger. The surviving claims included, among others, LightSquared’s claims against SPSO for declaratory relief, breach of contract and statutory disallowance; LightSquared’s tortious interference claim against us, EchoStar and Mr. Ergen; and Harbinger’s claim against SPSO for statutory disallowance. These claims proceeded to a non-jury trial on January 9, 2014. In its Post-Trial Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law entered on June 10, 2014, the Bankruptcy Court rejected all claims against us and EchoStar, and it rejected some but not all claims against the other defendants. On July 7, 2015, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York denied Harbinger’s motion for an interlocutory appeal of certain Bankruptcy Court orders in the adversary proceeding.

We intend to vigorously defend any claims against us in this proceeding and cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of this proceeding or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages.

Michael Heskiaoff, Marc Langenohl, and Rafael Mann

On July 10, 2015, Messrs. Michael Heskiaoff and Marc Langenohl, purportedly on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, filed suit against our subsidiary Sling Media, Inc. (now known as “Sling Media L.L.C.,” which we acquired as a result of the completion of the Share Exchange on February 28, 2017) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint alleges that Sling Media Inc.’s display of advertising to its customers violates a number of state statutes dealing with consumer deception. On September 25, 2015, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, and Mr. Rafael Mann, purportedly on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, filed an additional complaint alleging similar causes of action. On November 16, 2015, the cases were consolidated. On August 12, 2016, the Court granted our motion to dismiss the consolidated case. On September 12, 2016, the plaintiffs moved the Court for leave to file an amended complaint, which we opposed. On March 22, 2017, the Court denied the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file an amended complaint and entered judgment in favor of Sling Media L.L.C. On April 17, 2017, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which heard oral argument on November 7, 2017. On November 22, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the trial court’s judgment in favor of Sling Media L.L.C. This matter is now concluded.

Multimedia Content Management LLC

On July 25, 2018, Multimedia Content Management LLC (“Multimedia”) filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. Multimedia alleges that we infringe United States Patent No. 8,799,468 (the “468 patent”), entitled “System for Regulating Access to and Distributing Content in a Network,” and United States Patent No. 9,465,925 (the “925 patent”), entitled “System for Regulating Access to and Distributing Content in a Network,” in connection with impulse pay per view content offerings on certain set-top boxes. Multimedia is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein.

Realtime Data LLC and Realtime Adaptive Streaming LLC

On June 6, 2017, Realtime Data LLC d/b/a IXO (“Realtime”) filed an amended complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (the “Original Texas Action”) against us; our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C. (then known as EchoStar Technologies L.L.C.), Sling TV L.L.C. and Sling Media L.L.C.; EchoStar, and EchoStar’s wholly-owned subsidiary HNS; and Arris Group, Inc. Realtime’s initial complaint in the Original Texas Action, filed on February 14, 2017, had named only EchoStar and HNS as defendants.

The amended complaint in the Original Texas Action alleges infringement of United States Patent No. 8,717,204 (the “204 patent”), entitled “Methods for encoding and decoding data”; United States Patent No. 9,054,728 (the “728 patent”), entitled “Data compression systems and methods”; United States Patent No. 7,358,867 (the “867 patent”), entitled “Content independent data compression method and system”; United States Patent No. 8,502,707 (the “707 patent”), entitled “Data compression systems and methods”; United States Patent No. 8,275,897 (the “897 patent”), entitled “System and methods for accelerated data storage and retrieval”; United States Patent No. 8,867,610 (the “610 patent”), entitled “System and methods for video and audio data distribution”; United States Patent No. 8,934,535 (the “535 patent”), entitled “Systems and methods for video and audio data storage and distribution”; and United States Patent No. 8,553,759 (the “759 patent”), entitled “Bandwidth sensitive data compression and decompression.” Realtime alleges that DISH, Sling TV, Sling Media and Arris streaming video products and services compliant with various versions of the H.264 video compression standard infringe the 897 patent, the 610 patent and the 535 patent, and that the data compression system in Hughes’ products and services infringe the 204 patent, the 728 patent, the 867 patent, the 707 patent and the 759 patent.

On July 19, 2017, the Court severed Realtime’s claims against us, DISH Network L.L.C., Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media L.L.C. and Arris Group, Inc. (alleging infringement of the 897 patent, the 610 patent and the 535 patent) from the Original Texas Action into a separate action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (the “Second Texas Action”). On August 31, 2017, Realtime dismissed the claims against us, Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media Inc., and Sling Media L.L.C. from the Second Texas Action and refiled these claims (alleging infringement of the 897 patent, the 610 patent and the 535 patent) against Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media Inc., and Sling Media L.L.C. in a new action in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado (the “Colorado Action”). Also on August 31, 2017, Realtime dismissed EchoStar Technologies L.L.C. from the Original Texas Action, and on September 12, 2017, added it as a defendant in an amended complaint in the Second Texas Action. On November 6, 2017, Realtime filed a joint motion to dismiss the Second Texas Action without prejudice, which the Court entered on November 8, 2017.

On October 10, 2017, Realtime Adaptive Streaming LLC (“Realtime Adaptive Streaming”) filed suit against our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and EchoStar Technologies L.L.C., as well as Arris Group, Inc., in a new action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (the “Third Texas Action”), alleging infringement of the 610 patent and the 535 patent. Also on October 10, 2017, an amended complaint was filed in the Colorado Action, substituting Realtime Adaptive Streaming as the plaintiff instead of Realtime, and alleging infringement of only the 610 patent and the 535 patent, but not the 897 patent. On November 6, 2017, Realtime Adaptive Streaming filed a joint motion to dismiss the Third Texas Action without prejudice, which the court entered on November 8, 2017. Also on November 6, 2017, Realtime Adaptive Streaming filed a second amended complaint in the Colorado Action, adding our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C., as well as Arris Group, Inc., as defendants.

As a result, neither we nor any of our subsidiaries is a defendant in the Original Texas Action; the Court has dismissed without prejudice the Second Texas Action and the Third Texas Action; and our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C., Sling TV L.L.C. and Sling Media L.L.C. as well as Arris Group, Inc., are defendants in the Colorado Action, which now has Realtime Adaptive Streaming as the named plaintiff. The Court has set trial for December 16, 2019.

On July 3, 2018, Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media L.L.C., DISH Network L.L.C., and DISH Technologies L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of each of the asserted patents. On January 31, 2019, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on our petitions challenging all asserted claims of each of the asserted patents.

Realtime Adaptive Streaming is an entity that seeks to license an acquired patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein.

Rothschild Broadcast Distribution Systems, LLC

On August 2, 2018, Rothschild Broadcast Distribution Systems, LLC (“Rothschild”) filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint, which accuses the DISH Anywhere feature, alleges infringement of United States Patent 8,856,221 (the “221 patent”), entitled “System and Method for Storing Broadcast Content in a Cloud-based Computing Environment.” Rothschild, an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein, has filed more than 35 patent infringement cases since 2015. On October 10, 2018, the Court granted Rothschild’s motion to dismiss the case without prejudice. This matter is now concluded.

Telemarketing Litigation

On March 25, 2009, our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C. was sued in a civil action by the United States Attorney General and several states in the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois (the “FTC Action”), alleging violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”) and the Telemarketing Sales Rule (“TSR”), as well as analogous state statutes and state consumer protection laws. The plaintiffs alleged that we, directly and through certain independent third-party retailers and their affiliates, committed certain telemarketing violations. On December 23, 2013, the plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment, which indicated for the first time that the state plaintiffs were seeking civil penalties and damages of approximately $270 million and that the federal plaintiff was seeking an unspecified amount of civil penalties (which could substantially exceed the civil penalties and damages being sought by the state plaintiffs). The plaintiffs were also seeking injunctive relief that if granted would, among other things, enjoin DISH Network L.L.C., whether acting directly or indirectly through authorized telemarketers or independent third-party retailers, from placing any outbound telemarketing calls to market or promote its goods or services for five years, and enjoin DISH Network L.L.C. from accepting activations or sales from certain existing independent third-party retailers and from certain new independent third-party retailers, except under certain circumstances. We also filed a motion for summary judgment, seeking dismissal of all claims. On December 12, 2014, the Court issued its opinion with respect to the parties’ summary judgment motions. The Court found that DISH Network L.L.C. was entitled to partial summary judgment with respect to one claim in the action. In addition, the Court found that the plaintiffs were entitled to partial summary judgment with respect to ten claims in the action, which included, among other things, findings by the Court establishing DISH Network L.L.C.’s liability for a substantial amount of the alleged outbound telemarketing calls by DISH Network L.L.C. and certain of its independent third-party retailers that were the subject of the plaintiffs’ motion. The Court did not issue any injunctive relief and did not make any determination on civil penalties or damages, ruling instead that the scope of any injunctive relief and the amount of any civil penalties or damages were questions for trial.

In pre-trial disclosures, the federal plaintiff indicated that it intended to seek up to $900 million in alleged civil penalties, and the state plaintiffs indicated that they intended to seek as much as $23.5 billion in alleged civil penalties and damages. The plaintiffs also modified their request for injunctive relief. Their requested injunction, if granted, would have enjoined DISH Network L.L.C. from placing outbound telemarketing calls unless and until: (i) DISH Network L.L.C. hired a third-party consulting organization to perform a review of its call center operations; (ii) such third-party consulting organization submitted a telemarketing compliance plan to the Court and the federal plaintiff; (iii) the Court held a hearing on the adequacy of the plan; (iv) if the Court approved the plan, DISH Network L.L.C. implemented the plan and verified to the Court that it had implemented the plan; and (v) the Court issued an order permitting DISH Network L.L.C. to resume placing outbound telemarketing calls. The plaintiffs’ modified request for injunctive relief, if granted, would have also enjoined DISH Network L.L.C. from accepting customer orders solicited by certain independent third-party retailers unless and until a similar third-party review and Court approval process was followed with respect to the telemarketing activities of its independent third-party retailer base to ensure compliance with the TSR.

The first phase of the bench trial took place January 19, 2016 through February 11, 2016. In closing briefs, the federal plaintiff indicated that it still was seeking $900 million in alleged civil penalties; the California state plaintiff indicated that it was seeking $100 million in alleged civil penalties and damages for its state law claims (in addition to any amounts sought on its federal law claims); the Ohio state plaintiff indicated that it was seeking approximately $10 million in alleged civil penalties and damages for its state law claims (in addition to any amounts sought on its federal law claims); and the Illinois and North Carolina state plaintiffs did not state the specific alleged civil penalties and damages that they were seeking; but the state plaintiffs took the general position that any damages award less than $1.0 billion (presumably for both federal and state law claims) would not raise constitutional concerns. Under the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution, excessive fines may not be imposed.

On October 3, 2016, the plaintiffs further modified their request for injunctive relief, and were seeking, among other things, to enjoin DISH Network L.L.C., whether acting directly or indirectly through authorized telemarketers or independent third-party retailers, from placing any outbound telemarketing calls to market or promote its goods or services for five years, and enjoin DISH Network L.L.C. from accepting activations or sales from some or all existing independent third-party retailers. The second phase of the bench trial, which commenced on October 25, 2016 and concluded on November 2, 2016, covered the plaintiffs’ requested injunctive relief, as well as certain evidence related to the state plaintiffs’ claims.

On June 5, 2017, the Court issued Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law and entered Judgment ordering DISH Network L.L.C. to pay an aggregate amount of $280 million to the federal and state plaintiffs. The Court also issued a Permanent Injunction (the “Injunction”) against DISH Network L.L.C. that imposes certain ongoing compliance requirements on DISH Network L.L.C., which include, among other things: (i) the retention of a telemarketing-compliance expert to prepare a plan to ensure that DISH Network L.L.C. and certain independent third-party retailers will continue to comply with telemarketing laws and the Injunction; (ii) certain telemarketing records retention and production requirements; and (iii) certain compliance reporting and monitoring requirements. In addition to the compliance requirements under the Injunction, within ninety (90) days after the effective date of the Injunction, DISH Network L.L.C. is required to demonstrate that it and certain independent third-party retailers are in compliance with the Safe Harbor Provisions of the TSR and TCPA and have made no prerecorded telemarketing calls during the five (5) years prior to the effective date of the Injunction (collectively, the “Demonstration Requirements”). If DISH Network L.L.C. fails to prove that it meets the Demonstration Requirements, it will be barred from conducting any outbound telemarketing for two (2) years. If DISH Network L.L.C. fails to prove that a particular independent third-party retailer meets the Demonstration Requirements, DISH Network L.L.C. will be barred from accepting orders from that independent third-party retailer for two (2) years. On July 3, 2017, DISH Network L.L.C. filed two motions with the Court: (1) to alter or amend the Judgment or in the alternative to amend the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law; and (2) to clarify, alter and amend the Injunction. On August 10, 2017, the Court: (a) denied the motion to alter or amend the Judgment or in the alternative to amend the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law; and (b) allowed, in part, the motion to clarify, alter and amend the Injunction, and entered an Amended Permanent Injunction (the “Amended Injunction”).

Among other things, the Amended Injunction provided DISH Network L.L.C a thirty (30) day extension to meet the Demonstration Requirements, expanded the exclusion of certain independent third-party retailers from the Demonstration Requirements, and clarified that, with regard to independent third-party retailers, the Amended Injunction only applied to their telemarketing of DISH TV goods and services. On October 10, 2017, DISH Network L.L.C. filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, which heard oral argument on September 17, 2018.

During the second quarter 2017, we recorded $255 million of “Litigation expense” related to the FTC Action on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We recorded $25 million of “Litigation expense” related to the FTC Action during periods prior to 2017. Our total accrual at December 31, 2018 and 2017 related to the FTC Action was $280 million and is included in “Other accrued expenses” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any eventual payments made with respect to the FTC Action may not be deductible for tax purposes, which had a negative impact on our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2017. The tax deductibility of any eventual payments made with respect to the FTC Action may change, based upon, among other things, further developments in the FTC Action, including final adjudication of the FTC Action.

We may also from time to time be subject to private civil litigation alleging telemarketing violations. For example, a portion of the alleged telemarketing violations by an independent third-party retailer at issue in the FTC Action are also the subject of a certified class action filed against DISH Network L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (the “Krakauer Action”). Following a five-day trial, on January 19, 2017, a jury in that case found that the independent third-party retailer was acting as DISH Network L.L.C.’s agent when it made the 51,119 calls at issue in that case, and that class members are eligible to recover $400 in damages for each call made in violation of the TCPA. On March 7, 2017, DISH Network L.L.C. filed motions with the Court for judgment as a matter of law and, in the alternative, for a new trial, which the Court denied on May 16, 2017. On May 22, 2017, the Court ruled that the violations were willful and knowing, and trebled the damages award to $1,200 for each call made in violation of TCPA. On April 5, 2018, the Court entered a $61 million judgment in favor of the class. On May 4, 2018, DISH Network L.L.C. filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. During the second quarter 2017, we recorded $41 million of “Litigation expense” related to the Krakauer Action on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We recorded $20 million of “Litigation expense” related to the Krakauer Action during the fourth quarter 2016. Our total accrual related to the Krakauer Action at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $61 million and is included in “Other accrued expenses” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We intend to vigorously defend these cases. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of these suits.

Telemarketing Shareholder Derivative Litigation

On October 19, 2017, Plumbers Local Union No. 519 Pension Trust Fund (“Plumbers Local 519”), a purported shareholder of the Company, filed a putative shareholder derivative action in the District Court for Clark County, Nevada alleging, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty claims against the following current and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors: Charles W. Ergen; James DeFranco; Cantey M. Ergen; Steven R. Goodbarn; David K. Moskowitz; Tom A. Ortolf; Carl E. Vogel; George R. Brokaw; and Gary S. Howard (collectively, the “Director Defendants”). In its complaint, Plumbers Local 519 contends that, by virtue of their alleged failure to appropriately ensure the Company’s compliance with telemarketing laws, the Director Defendants exposed the Company to liability for telemarketing violations, including those in the Krakauer Action. It also contends that the Director Defendants caused the Company to pay improper compensation and benefits to themselves and others who allegedly breached their fiduciary duties to the Company. Plumbers Local 519 alleges causes of action for breach of fiduciary duties of loyalty and good faith, gross mismanagement, abuse of control, corporate waste and unjust enrichment. Plumbers Local 519 is seeking an unspecified amount of damages.

On November 13, 2017, City of Sterling Heights Police and Fire Retirement System (“Sterling Heights”), a purported shareholder of the Company, filed a putative shareholder derivative action in the District Court for Clark County, Nevada. Sterling Heights makes substantially the same allegations as Plumbers Union 519, and alleges causes of action against the Director Defendants for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment. Sterling Heights is seeking an unspecified amount of damages. Pursuant to a stipulation of the parties, on January 4, 2018, the District Court agreed to consolidate the Sterling Heights action with the Plumbers Local 519 action, and on January 12, 2018, the plaintiffs filed an amended consolidated complaint that largely duplicates the original Plumbers Local 519 complaint. Our Board of Directors has established a Special Litigation Committee to review the factual allegations and legal claims in this action. On May 15, 2018, the District Court granted the Special Litigation Committee’s motion to stay the case pending its investigation. The Special Litigation Committee’s report was filed on November 27, 2018, and recommended that the Company not pursue the claims asserted by the derivative plaintiffs. On December 20, 2018, the Special Litigation Committee filed a motion for summary judgment seeking deferral to its determination that the claims should be dismissed.

We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of these suits or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages.

TQ Delta, LLC

On July 17, 2015, TQ Delta, LLC (“TQ Delta”) filed a complaint against us and our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH DBS Corporation and DISH Network L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. The Complaint alleges infringement of United States Patent No. 6,961,369 (the “369 patent”), which is entitled “System and Method for Scrambling the Phase of the Carriers in a Multicarrier Communications System”; United States Patent No. 8,718,158 (the “158 patent”), which is entitled “System and Method for Scrambling the Phase of the Carriers in a Multicarrier Communications System”; United States Patent No. 9,014,243 (the “243 patent”), which is entitled “System and Method for Scrambling Using a Bit Scrambler and a Phase Scrambler”; United States Patent No. 7,835,430 (the “430 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Modulation Messaging for Frequency Domain Received Idle Channel Noise Information”; United States Patent No. 8,238,412 (the “412 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Modulation Messaging for Power Level per Subchannel Information”; United States Patent No. 8,432,956 (the “956 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Modulation Messaging for Power Level per Subchannel Information”; and United States Patent No. 8,611,404 (the “404 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Transmission System with Low Power Sleep Mode and Rapid-On Capability.” On September 9, 2015, TQ Delta filed a first amended complaint that added allegations of infringement of United States Patent No. 9,094,268 (the “268 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Transmission System With Low Power Sleep Mode and Rapid-On Capability.” On May 16, 2016, TQ Delta filed a second amended complaint that added EchoStar Corporation and its then wholly-owned subsidiary EchoStar Technologies L.L.C. as defendants. TQ Delta alleges that our satellite TV service, Internet service, set-top boxes, gateways, routers, modems, adapters and networks that operate in accordance with one or more Multimedia over Coax Alliance Standards infringe the asserted patents. TQ Delta has filed actions in the same court alleging infringement of the same patents against Comcast Corp., Cox Communications, Inc., DirecTV, Time Warner Cable Inc. and Verizon Communications, Inc. TQ Delta is an entity that seeks to license an acquired patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein.

On July 14, 2016, TQ Delta stipulated to dismiss with prejudice all claims related to the 369 patent and the 956 patent. On July 20, 2016, we filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all of the patent claims of the 404 patent and the 268 patent that have been asserted against us. Third parties have filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all of the patent claims that have been asserted against us in the action. On November 4, 2016, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on the third-party petitions related to the 158 patent, the 243 patent, the 412 patent and the 430 patent. On December 20, 2016, pursuant to a stipulation of the parties, the Court stayed the case until the resolution of all petitions to the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all of the patent claims at issue. On January 19, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted our motions to join the instituted petitions on the 430 and 158 patents.

On February 9, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on our petition related to the 404 patent, and on February 13, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on our petition related to the 268 patent. On February 27, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted our motions to join the instituted petitions on the 243 and 412 patents. On October 26, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued final written decisions on the petitions challenging the 158 patent, the 243 patent, the 412 patent and the 430 patent, and it invalidated all of the asserted claims of those patents. On February 7, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued final written decisions on the petitions challenging the 404 patent, and it invalidated all of the asserted claims of that patent on the basis of our petition. On February 10, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final written decision on our petition challenging the 268 patent, and it invalidated all of the asserted claims. On March 12, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final written decision on a third-party petition challenging the 268 patent, and it invalidated all of the asserted claims. All asserted claims have now been invalidated by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. TQ Delta has filed notices of appeal from the nine final written decisions adverse to it.

Turner Network Sales

On October 6, 2017, Turner Network Sales, Inc. (“Turner”) filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The operative First Amended Complaint alleges that DISH Network L.L.C. improperly calculated and withheld licensing fees owing to Turner in connection with its carriage of CNN and other networks. Turner claims damages of $183 million. On December 14, 2017, DISH Network L.L.C. filed its operative first amended counterclaims against Turner. In the counterclaims, DISH Network L.L.C. seeks a declaratory judgment that it properly calculated the licensing fees owed to Turner for carriage of CNN, and also alleges claims for unrelated breaches of the parties’ affiliation agreement.

We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages.

Uniloc

On January 31, 2019, Uniloc 2017 LLC (“Uniloc”) filed a complaint against our wholly owned subsidiary Sling TV L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The Complaint alleges infringement of United States Patent No. 6,519,005 (the 005 patent), which is entitled “Method of Concurrent Multiple-Mode Motion Estimation for Digital Video”; United States Patent No. 6,895,118 (the 118 patent), which is entitled “Method of Coding Digital Image Based on Error Concealment”; United States Patent No. 9,721,273 (the 273 patent), which is entitled “System and Method for Aggregating and Providing Audio and Visual Presentations Via a Computer Network”); and United States Patent No. 8,407,609 (the 609 patent), which is entitled “System and Method for Providing and Tracking the Provision of Audio and Visual Presentations Via a Computer Network.” Uniloc is an entity that seeks to license an acquired patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein.

Vermont National Telephone Company

On September 23, 2016, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia unsealed a qui tam complaint that was filed by Vermont National Telephone Company (“Vermont National”) against us; our wholly-owned subsidiaries, American AWS-3 Wireless I L.L.C., American II, American III, and DISH Wireless Holding L.L.C.; Charles W. Ergen (our Chairman) and Cantey M. Ergen (a member of our board of directors); Northstar Wireless; Northstar Spectrum; Northstar Manager; SNR Wireless; SNR HoldCo; SNR Management; and certain other parties. The complaint was unsealed after the United States Department of Justice notified the Court that it had declined to intervene in the action. The complaint is a civil action that was filed under seal on May 13, 2015 by Vermont National, which participated in the AWS-3 Auction through its wholly-owned subsidiary, VTel Wireless. The complaint alleges violations of the federal civil False Claims Act (the “FCA”) based on, among other things, allegations that Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless falsely claimed bidding credits of 25% in the AWS-3 Auction when they were allegedly under the de facto control of DISH Network and, therefore, were not entitled to the bidding credits as designated entities under applicable FCC rules. Vermont National seeks to recover on behalf of the United States government approximately $10 billion, which reflects the $3.3 billion in bidding credits that Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless claimed in the AWS-3 Auction, trebled under the FCA. Vermont National also seeks civil penalties of not less than $5,500 and not more than $11,000 for each violation of the FCA. On March 2, 2017, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia entered a stay of the litigation until such time as the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (the “D.C. Circuit”) issued its opinion in SNR Wireless LicenseCo, LLC, et al. v. F.C.C. The D.C. Circuit issued its opinion on August 29, 2017 and remanded the matter to the FCC for further proceedings. See “Commitments – DISH Network Non-Controlling Investments in the Northstar Entities and the SNR Entities Related to AWS-3 Wireless Spectrum Licenses” above for further information. Thereafter, the Court maintained the stay until it was lifted on October 26, 2018. On February 11, 2019, the Court granted Vermont National’s unopposed motion for leave to file an amended complaint.

We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of this proceeding or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages.

Waste Disposal Inquiry

The California Attorney General and the Alameda County (California) District Attorney are investigating whether certain of our waste disposal policies, procedures and practices are in violation of the California Business and Professions Code and the California Health and Safety Code. We expect that these entities will seek injunctive and monetary relief. The investigation appears to be part of a broader effort to investigate waste handling and disposal processes of a number of industries. While we are unable to predict the outcome of this investigation, we do not believe that the outcome will have a material effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Other

In addition to the above actions, we are subject to various other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including, among other things, disputes with programmers regarding fees. In our opinion, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to any of these actions is unlikely to materially affect our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, though the outcomes could be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

Segment Reporting

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

15. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker(s) of an enterprise. Operating income is the primary measure used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment operating performance. We currently operate two primary business segments: (1) Pay-TV; and (2) Wireless. See Note 1 for further information.

All other and eliminations primarily include intersegment eliminations related to intercompany debt and the related interest income and interest expense, which are eliminated in consolidation.

The total assets, revenue and operating income by segment were as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Total assets:
Pay-TV	$	28,981,608	$	28,353,581
Wireless		24,433,458		23,377,088
Eliminations		(22,828,054)		(21,956,903)
Total assets	$	30,587,012	$	29,773,766


					All
					Other &		Consolidated
	Pay-TV		Wireless (1)		Eliminations		Total
	(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Total revenue	$	13,621,198	$	580	$	(476)	$	13,621,302
Depreciation and amortization		698,336		13,688		—		712,024
Operating income (loss)		2,187,675		(40,054)		—		2,147,621
Interest income		1,495,371		—		(1,450,612)		44,759
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized		(1,013,062)		(452,556)		1,450,612		(15,006)
Other, net		8,957		2,844		—		11,801
Income tax (provision) benefit, net		(650,858)		117,174		—		(533,684)
Net income (loss)		2,028,083		(372,592)		—		1,655,491

Year Ended December 31, 2017
Total revenue	$	14,391,375	$	—	$	—	$	14,391,375
Depreciation and amortization		788,237		29,327		—		817,564
Operating income (loss)		1,759,130		(191,365)		—		1,567,765
Interest income		1,306,298		—		(1,265,292)		41,006
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized		(1,068,231)		(260,233)		1,265,292		(63,172)
Other, net		104,482		6		—		104,488
Income tax (provision) benefit, net		(473,370)		988,690		—		515,320
Net income (loss)		1,628,309		537,098		—		2,165,407

Year Ended December 31, 2016
Total revenue	$	15,212,302	$	—	$	—	$	15,212,302
Depreciation and amortization		877,342		43,860		—		921,202
Operating income (loss)		2,383,388		(64,127)		—		2,319,261
Interest income		1,006,243		3,745		(978,820)		31,168
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized		(876,375)		(155,586)		978,820		(53,141)
Other, net		32,867		86,448		—		119,315
Income tax (provision) benefit, net		(934,024)		68,206		—		(865,818)
Net income (loss)		1,612,099		(61,314)		—		1,550,785

(1)

Operating income (loss) for the wireless segment was positively impacted for the year ended December 31, 2018 by a decrease in depreciation expense associated with the T1 satellite, which was impaired during 2017.

Geographic Information. Revenue is attributed to geographic regions based upon the location where the goods and services are provided. All subscriber-related revenue was derived from the United States. Substantially all of our long-lived assets reside in the United States.

The following table summarizes revenue by geographic region:



	For the Years Ended December 31,
Revenue:	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
United States	$	13,578,254	$	14,351,558	$	15,111,832
Canada and Mexico		43,048		39,817		100,470
Total revenue	$	13,621,302	$	14,391,375	$	15,212,302

The revenue from external customers disaggregated by major revenue source was as follows:



	For the Years Ended December 31,
Category:	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Pay-TV video and related revenue	$	13,197,994	$	13,877,196	$	14,576,699
Broadband revenue		258,094		383,216		457,240
Equipment sales and other revenue		165,214		130,963		178,363
Total	$	13,621,302	$	14,391,375	$	15,212,302

Contract Balances

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Contract Balances

Contract Balances

16. Contract Balances

Our valuation and qualifying accounts as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:


Allowance for doubtful accounts	Balance at Beginning of Year		Charged to Costs and Expenses		Deductions		Balance at End of Year
	(In thousands)
For the years ended:
December 31, 2018	$	15,511	$	98,575	$	(97,120)	$	16,966
December 31, 2017	$	18,399	$	124,126	$	(127,014)	$	15,511
December 31, 2016	$	22,965	$	153,792	$	(158,358)	$	18,399

Deferred revenue related to contracts with our customers is recorded in “Deferred revenue and other” and “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in deferred revenue related to contracts with our customers were as follows:


	Contract
	Liabilities
	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	699,597
Recognition of unearned revenue		(6,855,912)
Deferral of revenue		6,791,333
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	635,018

We apply a practical expedient and do not disclose the value of the remaining performance obligations for contracts that are less than one year in duration, which represent a substantial majority of our revenue. As such, the amount of revenue related to unsatisfied performance obligations is not necessarily indicative of our future revenue.

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

17. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

Our quarterly results of operations are summarized as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31		June 30		September 30		December 31
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Year ended December 31, 2018:
Total revenue	$	3,458,487	$	3,460,845	$	3,395,141	$	3,306,829
Operating income (loss)		529,506		572,660		562,703		482,752
Net income (loss)		385,321		460,286		452,598		357,286
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network		367,560		438,717		431,734		337,080

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	0.79	$	0.94	$	0.92	$	0.72

Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	0.70	$	0.83	$	0.82	$	0.64

Year ended December 31, 2017:
Total revenue	$	3,680,361	$	3,643,632	$	3,583,454	$	3,483,928
Operating income (loss)		607,320		252,103		449,051		259,291
Net income (loss)		390,075		58,762		315,265		1,401,305
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network		375,715		40,116		297,375		1,385,483

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	0.81	$	0.09	$	0.64	$	2.97

Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	0.76	$	0.09	$	0.57	$	2.64

Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

18. Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions with EchoStar

Following the Spin-off, we and EchoStar have operated as separate publicly-traded companies and neither entity has any ownership interest in the other. However, a substantial majority of the voting power of the shares of both companies is owned beneficially by Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman, and by certain entities established by Mr. Ergen for the benefit of his family.

In connection with and following the Spin-off, we and EchoStar have entered into certain agreements pursuant to which we obtain certain products, services and rights from EchoStar, EchoStar obtains certain products, services and rights from us, and we and EchoStar have indemnified each other against certain liabilities arising from our respective businesses. In connection with the Share Exchange, we and EchoStar and certain of their subsidiaries entered into certain agreements covering, among other things, tax matters, employee matters, intellectual property matters and the provision of transitional services. In addition, certain agreements that we had with EchoStar have terminated, and we entered into certain new agreements with EchoStar. As the Share Exchange was a transaction between entities that are under common control, accounting rules require that our Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of the Transferred Businesses for all periods presented, including periods prior to the completion of the Share Exchange. Intercompany transactions between the Transferred Businesses and us, including, among others, the sale of set-top boxes and broadcast services from EchoStar to us, have been eliminated to the extent possible, including the margin EchoStar received on those sales. See Note 2 for further information. We also may enter into additional agreements with EchoStar in the future. The following is a summary of the terms of our principal agreements with EchoStar that may have an impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

“Trade accounts receivable”

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, trade accounts receivable from EchoStar was $4 million and $2 million, respectively. These amounts are recorded in “Trade accounts receivable” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

“Trade accounts payable”

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, trade accounts payable to EchoStar was $14 million and $42 million, respectively. These amounts are recorded in “Trade accounts payable” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

“Equipment sales and other revenue”

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we received $8 million, $3 million and $2 million, respectively, for services provided to EchoStar. These amounts are recorded in “Equipment sales and other revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The agreements pertaining to these revenues are discussed below.

Real Estate Lease Agreements. We have entered into lease agreements pursuant to which we lease certain real estate to EchoStar. The rent on a per square foot basis for each of the leases is comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic areas, and EchoStar is responsible for its portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance of the premises. The term of each lease is set forth below:

El Paso Lease Agreement. During 2012, we began leasing certain space at 1285 Joe Battle Blvd., El Paso, Texas to EchoStar for an initial period ending on August 1, 2015, which also provides EchoStar with renewal options for four consecutive three-year terms. During the second quarter 2015, EchoStar exercised its first renewal option for a period ending on August 1, 2018 and in April 2018 EchoStar exercised its second renewal option for a period ending in August 2021.

90 Inverness Lease Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, effective March 1, 2017, EchoStar leases certain space from us at 90 Inverness Circle East, Englewood, Colorado for a period ending in February 2022. EchoStar has the option to renew this lease for four three-year periods.

Cheyenne Lease Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, effective March 1, 2017, EchoStar leases certain space from us at 530 EchoStar Drive, Cheyenne, Wyoming for a period ending in February 2019. In August 2018, EchoStar exercised its option to renew this lease for a one-year period ending in February 2020. EchoStar has the option to renew this lease for twelve one-year periods.

Gilbert Lease Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, effective March 1, 2017, EchoStar leases certain space from us at 801 N. DISH Dr., Gilbert, Arizona for a period ending in March 2019. In August 2018, EchoStar exercised its option to renew this lease for a one-year period ending in February 2020. EchoStar has the option to renew this lease for twelve one-year periods.

American Fork Occupancy License Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, effective March 1, 2017, we acquired the lease for certain space at 796 East Utah Valley Drive, American Fork, Utah, and we sublease certain space at this location to EchoStar for a period ending in August 2017. In June 2017, EchoStar exercised its five-year renewal option for a period ending in August 2022.

Collocation and Antenna Space Agreements. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, effective March 1, 2017, we entered into certain agreements pursuant to which we will provide certain collocation and antenna space to HNS through February 2022 at the following locations: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Gilbert, Arizona; New Braunfels, Texas; Monee, Illinois; Englewood, Colorado; and Spokane, Washington. During August 2017, we entered into certain other agreements pursuant to which we will provide certain collocation and antenna space to HNS through August 2022 at the following locations: Monee, Illinois and Spokane, Washington. HNS has the option to renew each of these agreements for four three-year periods. HNS may terminate certain of these agreements with 180 days’ prior written notice to us at the following locations: New Braunfels, Texas; Englewood, Colorado; and Spokane, Washington. The fees for the services provided under these agreements depend, among other things, on the number of racks leased and/or antennas present at the location.

“Subscriber-related expenses”

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we incurred $42 million, $71 million and $92 million, respectively, of subscriber-related expenses for services provided to us by EchoStar. These amounts are recorded in “Subscriber-related expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The agreements pertaining to these expenses are discussed below.

Hughes Broadband Distribution Agreement. Effective October 1, 2012, dishNET Satellite Broadband L.L.C. (“dishNET Satellite Broadband”), our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, and HNS entered into a Distribution Agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) pursuant to which dishNET Satellite Broadband has the right, but not the obligation, to market, sell and distribute the HNS satellite Internet service (the “Service”). dishNET Satellite Broadband pays HNS a monthly per subscriber wholesale service fee for the Service based upon the subscriber’s service level, and, beginning January 1, 2014, certain volume subscription thresholds. The Distribution Agreement also provides that dishNET Satellite Broadband has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase certain broadband equipment from HNS to support the sale of the Service. On February 20, 2014, dishNET Satellite Broadband and HNS amended the Distribution Agreement which, among other things, extended the initial term of the Distribution Agreement through March 1, 2024.

Thereafter, the Distribution Agreement automatically renews for successive one year terms unless either party gives written notice of its intent not to renew to the other party at least 180 days before the expiration of the then-current term. Upon expiration or termination of the Distribution Agreement, the parties will continue to provide the Service to the then-current dishNET subscribers pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement.

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, under the Distribution Agreement, we purchased broadband equipment from HNS of zero, zero and $9 million, respectively. These amounts are initially included in “Inventory” and are subsequently capitalized as “Property and equipment, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets or expensed as “Subscriber acquisition costs” or “Subscriber-related expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) when the equipment is deployed.

During the first quarter 2017, we transitioned our wholesale arrangement with Hughes under the Distribution Agreement to an authorized representative arrangement and entered into the MSA with HNS. See “Hughes Broadband Master Services Agreement” below for further information.

“Satellite and transmission expenses”

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we incurred $315 million, $353 million and $357 million, respectively, for satellite capacity leased from EchoStar and telemetry, tracking and control and other professional services provided to us by EchoStar. EchoStar is a supplier of the vast majority of our transponder capacity. These amounts are recorded in “Satellite and transmission expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The agreements pertaining to these expenses are discussed below.

Satellite Capacity Leased from EchoStar. We have entered into certain satellite capacity agreements pursuant to which we lease certain capacity on certain satellites owned or leased by EchoStar. The fees for the services provided under these satellite capacity agreements depend, among other things, upon the orbital location of the applicable satellite, the number of transponders that are leased on the applicable satellite and the length of the lease. See “Pay-TV Satellites” in Note 8 for further information. The term of each lease is set forth below:

EchoStar VII, X, XI and XIV. On March 1, 2014, we began leasing all available capacity from EchoStar on the EchoStar VII, X, XI and XIV satellites. The term of each satellite capacity agreement generally terminates upon the earlier of: (i) the end-of-life of the satellite; (ii) the date the satellite fails; or (iii) a certain date, which depends upon, among other things, the estimated useful life of the satellite. We generally have the option to renew each satellite capacity agreement on a year-to-year basis through the end of the respective satellite’s life. There can be no assurance that any options to renew such agreements will be exercised. The satellite capacity agreement for EchoStar VII expired on June 30, 2018.

EchoStar IX. We lease certain satellite capacity from EchoStar on EchoStar IX. Subject to availability, we generally have the right to continue to lease satellite capacity from EchoStar on EchoStar IX on a month-to-month basis.

EchoStar XII. The lease for EchoStar XII expired as of September 30, 2017.

EchoStar XVI. In December 2009, we entered into a transponder service agreement with EchoStar to lease all of the capacity on EchoStar XVI, a DBS satellite, after its service commencement date. EchoStar XVI was launched in November 2012 to replace EchoStar XV at the 61.5 degree orbital location and is currently in service. Effective December 21, 2012, we and EchoStar amended the transponder service agreement to, among other things, change the initial term to generally expire upon the earlier of: (i) the end-of-life or replacement of the satellite; (ii) the date the satellite fails; (iii) the date the transponder(s) on which service is being provided under the agreement fails; or (iv) four years following the actual service commencement date. In July 2016, we and EchoStar amended the transponder service agreement to, among other things, extend the initial term by one additional year and to reduce the term of the first renewal option by one year. Prior to expiration of the initial term, we had the option to renew for an additional five-year period. In May 2017, we exercised our first renewal option for an additional five-year period ending in January 2023. We also have the option to renew for an additional five-year period prior to expiration of the first renewal period in January 2023. There can be no assurance that the option to renew this agreement will be exercised. During 2018, we and EchoStar further amended the agreement to, among other things, allow us to place and use certain satellites at the 61.5 degree orbital location.

Nimiq 5 Agreement. During 2009, EchoStar entered into a fifteen-year satellite service agreement with Telesat Canada (“Telesat”) to receive service on all 32 DBS transponders on the Nimiq 5 satellite at the 72.7 degree orbital location (the “Telesat Transponder Agreement”). During 2009, EchoStar also entered into a satellite service agreement (the “DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement”) with us, pursuant to which we currently receive service from EchoStar on all 32 of the DBS transponders covered by the Telesat Transponder Agreement. We have also guaranteed certain obligations of EchoStar under the Telesat Transponder Agreement. See discussion under “Guarantees” in Note 14.

Under the terms of the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement, we make certain monthly payments to EchoStar that commenced in 2009 when the Nimiq 5 satellite was placed into service and continue through the service term. Unless earlier terminated under the terms and conditions of the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement, the service term will expire ten years following the date the Nimiq 5 satellite was placed into service. Upon expiration of the initial term, we have the option to renew the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement on a year-to-year basis through the end-of-life of the Nimiq 5 satellite. Upon in-orbit failure or end-of-life of the Nimiq 5 satellite, and in certain other circumstances, we have certain rights to receive service from EchoStar on a replacement satellite. There can be no assurance that any options to renew the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement will be exercised or that we will exercise our option to receive service on a replacement satellite.

QuetzSat-1 Lease Agreement. During 2008, EchoStar entered into a ten-year satellite service agreement with SES Latin America S.A. (“SES”), which provides, among other things, for the provision by SES to EchoStar of service on 32 DBS transponders on the QuetzSat-1 satellite. During 2008, EchoStar also entered into a transponder service agreement (“QuetzSat-1 Transponder Agreement”) with us pursuant to which we receive service from EchoStar on 24 DBS transponders. QuetzSat-1 was launched on September 29, 2011 and was placed into service during the fourth quarter 2011 at the 67.1 degree orbital location while we and EchoStar explored alternative uses for the QuetzSat-1 satellite. In the interim, EchoStar provided us with alternate capacity at the 77 degree orbital location. During the first quarter 2013, we and EchoStar entered into an agreement pursuant to which we sublease five DBS transponders back to EchoStar. In January 2013, QuetzSat-1 was moved to the 77 degree orbital location and we commenced commercial operations at that location in February 2013.

Unless earlier terminated under the terms and conditions of the QuetzSat-1 Transponder Agreement, the initial service term will expire in November 2021. Upon expiration of the initial term, we have the option to renew the QuetzSat-1 Transponder Agreement on a year-to-year basis through the end-of-life of the QuetzSat-1 satellite. Upon an in-orbit failure or end-of-life of the QuetzSat-1 satellite, and in certain other circumstances, we have certain rights to receive service from EchoStar on a replacement satellite. There can be no assurance that any options to renew the QuetzSat-1 Transponder Agreement will be exercised or that we will exercise our option to receive service on a replacement satellite.

103 Degree Orbital Location/SES-3. In May 2012, EchoStar entered into a spectrum development agreement (the “103 Spectrum Development Agreement”) with Ciel Satellite Holdings Inc. (“Ciel”) to develop certain spectrum rights at the 103 degree orbital location (the “103 Spectrum Rights”). In June 2013, we and EchoStar entered into a spectrum development agreement (the “DISH 103 Spectrum Development Agreement”) pursuant to which we may use and develop the 103 Spectrum Rights. Both the 103 Spectrum Development Agreement and DISH 103 Spectrum Development Agreement were terminated on March 31, 2018.

In connection with the 103 Spectrum Development Agreement, in May 2012, EchoStar also entered into a ten-year service agreement with Ciel pursuant to which EchoStar leases certain satellite capacity from Ciel on the SES-3 satellite at the 103 degree orbital location (the “103 Service Agreement”). In June 2013, we and EchoStar entered into an agreement pursuant to which we lease certain satellite capacity from EchoStar on the SES-3 satellite (the “DISH 103 Service Agreement”). Under the terms of the DISH 103 Service Agreement, we make certain monthly payments to EchoStar through the service term. Both the 103 Service Agreement and DISH 103 Service Agreement were terminated on March 31, 2018.

TT&C Agreement. Effective January 1, 2012, we entered into a telemetry, tracking and control (“TT&C”) agreement pursuant to which we receive TT&C services from EchoStar for certain satellites (the “TT&C Agreement”). In February 2018, we amended the TT&C Agreement to, among other things, extend the term for one-year with four automatic one-year renewal periods. The fees for services provided under the TT&C Agreement are calculated at either: (i) a fixed fee; or (ii) cost plus a fixed margin, which will vary depending on the nature of the services provided. We and EchoStar are able to terminate the TT&C Agreement for any reason upon 12 months’ notice.

DBSD North America Agreement. On March 9, 2012, we completed the DBSD Transaction. During the second quarter 2011, EchoStar acquired Hughes. Prior to our acquisition of DBSD North America and EchoStar’s acquisition of Hughes, DBSD North America and HNS entered into an agreement pursuant to which HNS provides, among other things, hosting, operations and maintenance services for DBSD North America’s satellite gateway and associated ground infrastructure. This agreement generally may be terminated by us at any time for convenience.

TerreStar Agreement. On March 9, 2012, we completed the TerreStar Transaction. Prior to our acquisition of substantially all the assets of TerreStar and EchoStar’s acquisition of Hughes, TerreStar and HNS entered into various agreements pursuant to which HNS provides, among other things, hosting, operations and maintenance services for TerreStar’s satellite gateway and associated ground infrastructure. These agreements generally may be terminated by us at any time for convenience.

Hughes Equipment and Services Agreement. In February 2019, we and HNS entered into an agreement pursuant to which HNS will provide us with HughesNet Service and HughesNet equipment for the transmission of certain data related to our next-generation 5G-capable network, focused on supporting narrowband IoT. This agreement has an initial term of five years with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless terminated by DISH Network with at least 180 days’ written notice to us or by us with at least 365 days’ written notice to DISH Network.

“General and administrative expenses”

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we incurred $21 million, $29 million and $14 million, respectively, for general and administrative expenses for services provided to us by EchoStar. These amounts are recorded in “General and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The agreements pertaining to these expenses are discussed below.

Real Estate Lease Agreements. We have entered into lease agreements pursuant to which we lease certain real estate from EchoStar. The rent on a per square foot basis for each of the leases is comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic area, and EchoStar is responsible for its portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance of the premises. The term of each lease is set forth below:

Meridian Lease Agreement. The lease for all of 9601 S. Meridian Blvd. in Englewood, Colorado was for a period ending on December 31, 2018. In December 2018, we and EchoStar amended this lease to, among other things, extend the term thereof for one additional year until December 31, 2019.

Santa Fe Lease Agreement. The lease for all of 5701 S. Santa Fe Dr. in Littleton, Colorado was for a period ending on December 31, 2018. In December 2018, we and EchoStar amended this lease to, among other things, extend the term thereof for one additional year until December 31, 2019.

Cheyenne Lease Agreement. The lease for certain space at 530 EchoStar Drive in Cheyenne, Wyoming is for a period ending on December 31, 2031. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, EchoStar transferred ownership of a portion of this property to us, and, effective March 1, 2017, we and EchoStar amended this lease agreement to (i) terminate the lease of certain space at the portion of the property that was transferred to us and (ii) provide for the continued lease to us of certain space at the portion of the property that EchoStar retained.

100 Inverness Lease Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, effective March 1, 2017, we lease certain space from EchoStar at 100 Inverness Terrace East, Englewood, Colorado for a period ending in December 2020. This agreement may be terminated by either party upon 180 days’ prior notice.

Professional Services Agreement. Prior to 2010, in connection with the Spin-off, we entered into various agreements with EchoStar including the Transition Services Agreement, Satellite Procurement Agreement and Services Agreement, which all expired on January 1, 2010 and were replaced by a Professional Services Agreement. During 2009, we and EchoStar agreed that EchoStar shall continue to have the right, but not the obligation, to receive the following services from us, among others, certain of which were previously provided under the Transition Services Agreement: information technology, travel and event coordination, internal audit, legal, accounting and tax, benefits administration, program acquisition services and other support services. Additionally, we and EchoStar agreed that we shall continue to have the right, but not the obligation, to engage EchoStar to manage the process of procuring new satellite capacity for us (previously provided under the Satellite Procurement Agreement) and receive logistics, procurement and quality assurance services from EchoStar (previously provided under the Services Agreement) and other support services. The Professional Services Agreement renewed on January 1, 2018 for an additional one-year period until January 1, 2019 and renews automatically for successive one-year periods thereafter, unless terminated earlier by either party upon at least 60 days’ notice. However, either party may terminate the Professional Services Agreement in part with respect to any particular service it receives for any reason upon at least 30 days’ notice. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange on February 28, 2017, DISH Network and EchoStar amended the Professional Services Agreement to, among other things, provide certain transition services to each other related to the Share Exchange Agreement.

Revenue for services provided by us to EchoStar under the Professional Services Agreement is recorded in “Equipment sales and other revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Other Agreements - EchoStar

Tax Sharing Agreement. In connection with the Spin-off, we entered into a tax sharing agreement (the “Tax Sharing Agreement”) with EchoStar which governs our respective rights, responsibilities and obligations after the Spin-off with respect to taxes for the periods ending on or before the Spin-off. Generally, all pre-Spin-off taxes, including any taxes that are incurred as a result of restructuring activities undertaken to implement the Spin-off, are borne by us, and we will indemnify EchoStar for such taxes. However, we are not liable for and will not indemnify EchoStar for any taxes that are incurred as a result of the Spin-off or certain related transactions failing to qualify as tax-free distributions pursuant to any provision of Section 355 or Section 361 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) because of: (i) a direct or indirect acquisition of any of EchoStar’s stock, stock options or assets; (ii) any action that EchoStar takes or fails to take; or (iii) any action that EchoStar takes that is inconsistent with the information and representations furnished to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) in connection with the request for the private letter ruling, or to counsel in connection with any opinion being delivered by counsel with respect to the Spin-off or certain related transactions. In such case, EchoStar is solely liable for, and will indemnify us for, any resulting taxes, as well as any losses, claims and expenses. The Tax Sharing Agreement will only terminate after the later of the full period of all applicable statutes of limitations, including extensions, or once all rights and obligations are fully effectuated or performed.

In light of the Tax Sharing Agreement, among other things, and in connection with our consolidated federal income tax returns for certain tax years prior to and for the year of the Spin-off, during the third quarter 2013, we and EchoStar agreed upon a supplemental allocation of the tax benefits arising from certain tax items resolved in the course of the IRS’ examination of these consolidated tax returns. As a result, we agreed to pay EchoStar $84 million of the tax benefit we received or will receive. This resulted in a reduction of our recorded unrecognized tax benefits and this amount was reclassified to a long-term payable to EchoStar within “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets during the third quarter 2013. Any payment to EchoStar, including accrued interest, will be made at such time as EchoStar would have otherwise been able to realize such tax benefit. In addition, during the third quarter 2013, we and EchoStar agreed upon a tax sharing arrangement for filing certain combined state income tax returns and a method of allocating the respective tax liabilities between us and EchoStar for such combined returns, through the taxable period ending on December 31, 2017 (the “State Tax Arrangement”). During the third quarter 2018, we and EchoStar amended the Tax Sharing Agreement and the 2013 agreements (the “Amendment”).

Under the Amendment, among other things, we are entitled to apply the benefit of EchoStar’s 2009 net operating losses to our federal tax return for the year ended December 31, 2008, in exchange for paying EchoStar over time the value of the net annual federal income taxes paid by EchoStar that would have been otherwise offset by their 2009 net operating loss. In addition, the Amendment extends the term of the State Tax Arrangement for filing certain combined state income tax returns to the earlier to occur of (1) termination of the Tax Sharing Agreement, (2) a change in control of either us or EchoStar or, (3) for any particular state, if we and EchoStar no longer file a combined tax return for such state.

We and EchoStar file combined income tax returns in certain states. In 2015 and 2014, EchoStar earned and recognized a tax benefit for certain state income tax credits that EchoStar estimates it would be unable to utilize in the future if it had filed separately from us. In addition, EchoStar earned and recognized tax benefits for certain federal income tax credits, a portion of which were allocated to us under IRS rules for affiliated companies. We expect to utilize these tax credits to reduce our federal and state income tax payable in the future. In accordance with accounting rules that apply to transfers of assets between entities under common control, we recorded a capital contribution of less than $1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, in “Additional paid-in capital” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets representing the amount that we estimate is more likely than not to be realized by us as a result of our utilization of these tax credits earned. Any payments made to EchoStar related to the utilization of these credits will be recorded as a reduction to “Additional paid-in capital” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Tax Matters Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, we and EchoStar entered into a Tax Matters Agreement, which governs certain rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes of the Transferred Businesses pursuant to the Share Exchange. Generally, EchoStar is responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the Transferred Businesses for periods prior to the Share Exchange, and we are responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the Transferred Businesses from and after the Share Exchange. Both we and EchoStar have made certain tax-related representations and are subject to various tax-related covenants after the consummation of the Share Exchange. Both we and EchoStar have agreed to indemnify each other if there is a breach of any such tax representation or violation of any such tax covenant and that breach or violation results in the Share Exchange not qualifying for tax free treatment for the other party. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify EchoStar if the Transferred Businesses are acquired, either directly or indirectly (e.g., via an acquisition of us), by one or more persons and such acquisition results in the Share Exchange not qualifying for tax free treatment. The Tax Matters Agreement supplements the Tax Sharing Agreement described above, which continues in full force and effect.

TiVo. On April 29, 2011, we and EchoStar entered into a settlement agreement with TiVo Inc. (“TiVo”). The settlement resolved all pending litigation between us and EchoStar, on the one hand, and TiVo, on the other hand, including litigation relating to alleged patent infringement involving certain DISH TV digital video recorders, or DVRs.

Under the settlement agreement, all pending litigation was dismissed with prejudice and all injunctions that permanently restrain, enjoin or compel any action by us or EchoStar were dissolved. We and EchoStar are jointly responsible for making payments to TiVo in the aggregate amount of $500 million, including an initial payment of $300 million and the remaining $200 million in six equal annual installments between 2012 and 2017. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements entered into in connection with the Spin-off of EchoStar from us, we made the initial payment to TiVo in May 2011, except for the contribution from EchoStar totaling approximately $10 million, representing an allocation of liability relating to EchoStar’s sales of DVR-enabled receivers to an international customer. Future payments were allocated between us and EchoStar based on historical sales of certain licensed products, with us being responsible for 95% of each annual payment. Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, we were responsible for EchoStar’s allocation of the final payment to TiVo, which was paid July 31, 2017.

Patent Cross-License Agreements. In December 2011, we and EchoStar entered into separate patent cross-license agreements with the same third party whereby: (i) EchoStar and such third-party licensed their respective patents to each other subject to certain conditions; and (ii) we and such third-party licensed our respective patents to each other subject to certain conditions (each, a “Cross-License Agreement”). Each Cross License Agreement covers patents acquired by the respective party prior to January 1, 2017 and aggregate payments under both Cross-License Agreements total less than $10 million. Each Cross License Agreement also contains an option to extend each Cross-License Agreement to include patents acquired by the respective party prior to January 1, 2022. In December 2016, we and EchoStar independently exercised our respective options to extend each Cross-License Agreement. The aggregate additional payments to such third-party was less than $3 million. Since the aggregate payments under both Cross-License Agreements were based on the combined annual revenues of us and EchoStar, we and EchoStar agreed to allocate our respective payments to such third party based on our respective percentage of combined total revenue.

Rovi License Agreement. On August 19, 2016, we entered into a ten-year patent license agreement (the “Rovi License Agreement”) with Rovi Corporation (“Rovi”) and, for certain limited purposes, EchoStar. EchoStar is a party to the Rovi License Agreement solely with respect to certain provisions relating to the prior patent license agreement between EchoStar and Rovi. There are no payments between us and EchoStar under the Rovi License Agreement.

Sale of Orange, New Jersey Properties. In October 2016, we and EchoStar sold two parcels of real estate owned separately by us and EchoStar in Orange, New Jersey to a third party pursuant to a purchase and sale agreement. Pursuant to the agreement, we and EchoStar separately received our respective payments from the buyer.

Invidi. In November 2010 and April 2011, EchoStar made investments in Invidi in exchange for shares of Invidi’s Series D Preferred Stock. In November 2016, we, DIRECTV, LLC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of AT&T Inc., and Cavendish Square Holding B.V., an affiliate of WPP plc, entered into a series of agreements to acquire Invidi. As a result of the transaction, EchoStar sold its ownership interest in Invidi on the same terms offered to the other shareholders of Invidi. The transaction closed in January 2017.

Hughes Broadband Master Services Agreement. In March 2017, DISH Network L.L.C. (“DNLLC”) and HNS entered into the MSA pursuant to which DNLLC, among other things: (i) has the right, but not the obligation, to market, promote and solicit orders for the Hughes broadband satellite service and related equipment; and (ii) installs Hughes service equipment with respect to activations generated by DNLLC. Under the MSA, HNS will make certain payments to DNLLC for each Hughes service activation generated, and installation performed, by DNLLC. Payments from HNS for services provided are recorded in “Subscriber-related revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The MSA has an initial term of five years with automatic renewal for successive one year terms. After the first anniversary of the MSA, either party has the ability to terminate the MSA, in whole or in part, for any reason upon at least 90 days’ notice to the other party. Upon expiration or termination of the MSA, HNS will continue to provide the Hughes service to subscribers and make certain payments to DNLLC pursuant to the terms and conditions of the MSA. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we purchased broadband equipment from HNS of $21 million and $22 million under the MSA, respectively.

Employee Matters Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, effective March 1, 2017, we and EchoStar entered into an Employee Matters Agreement that addresses the transfer of employees from EchoStar to us, including certain benefit and compensation matters and the allocation of responsibility for employee-related liabilities relating to current and past employees of the Transferred Businesses. We assumed employee-related liabilities relating to the Transferred Businesses as part of the Share Exchange, except that EchoStar will be responsible for certain existing employee-related litigation as well as certain pre-Share Exchange compensation and benefits for employees transferring to us in connection with the Share Exchange.

Intellectual Property and Technology License Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Share Exchange, effective March 1, 2017, we and EchoStar entered into an Intellectual Property and Technology License Agreement (“IPTLA”), pursuant to which we and EchoStar license to each other certain intellectual property and technology. The IPTLA will continue in perpetuity, unless mutually terminated by the parties. Pursuant to the IPTLA, EchoStar granted to us a license to its intellectual property and technology for use by us, among other things, in connection with our continued operation of the Transferred Businesses acquired pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, including a limited license to use the “ECHOSTAR” trademark during a transition period. EchoStar retains full ownership of the “ECHOSTAR” trademark. In addition, we granted a license back to EchoStar, among other things, for the continued use of all intellectual property and technology transferred to us pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement that is used in EchoStar’s retained businesses.

Related Party Transactions with NagraStar L.L.C.

As a result of the completion of the Share Exchange on February 28, 2017, we own a 50% interest in NagraStar, a joint venture that is our primary provider of encryption and related security systems intended to assure that only authorized customers have access to our programming. Certain payments related to NagraStar are recorded in “Subscriber-related expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). In addition, certain other payments are initially included in “Inventory” and are subsequently capitalized as “Property and equipment, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets or expensed as “Subscriber acquisition costs” or “Subscriber-related expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) when the equipment is deployed. We record all payables in “Trade accounts payable” or “Other accrued expenses” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our investment in NagraStar is accounted for using the equity method.

The table below summarizes our transactions with NagraStar.


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Purchases (including fees):
Purchases from NagraStar	$	72,162	$	71,167	$	84,459

			As of December 31,
			2018		2017
			(In thousands)
Amounts Payable and Commitments:
Amounts payable to NagraStar			$	9,871	$	16,685
Commitments to NagraStar			$	3,888	$	4,927

Related Party Transactions with Dish Mexico

Dish Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Dish Mexico”) is an entity that provides direct-to-home satellite services in Mexico, which is owned 49% by EchoStar. We provide certain broadcast services and sell hardware such as digital set-top boxes and related components to Dish Mexico, which are recorded in “Equipment sales and other revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The table below summarizes our transactions with Dish Mexico:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Sales:
Digital receivers and related components	$	1,227	$	1,891	$	52,324
Uplink services	$	5,426	$	3,994	$	4,059

			As of December 31,
			2018		2017
			(In thousands)
Amounts Receivable:
Amounts receivable from Dish Mexico			$	1,370	$	3,027

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles Of Consolidation And Basis Of Presentation Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Use of Estimates

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Marketable Investment Securities

the fair value of our debt investments compared to the carrying amount,

the historical volatility of the price of each security, and

any market and company specific factors related to each security.

Declines in the fair value of debt investments below cost basis are generally accounted for as follows:


Length of Time Investment Has Been In a Continuous Loss Position		Treatment of the Decline in Value (absent specific factors to the contrary)
Less than six months		Generally, considered temporary.
Six to nine months		Evaluated on a case by case basis to determine whether any company or market-specific factors exist indicating that such decline is other-than-temporary.
Greater than nine months		Generally, considered other-than-temporary. The decline in value is recorded as a charge to earnings.

we have the intent to sell the security,

it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before maturity or recovery, or

we do not expect to recover the security’s entire amortized cost basis, even if there is no intent to sell the security.

In general, we use the first in, first out method to determine the cost basis on sales of marketable investment securities.

Trade Accounts Receivable

Inventory

Property and Equipment

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill

FCC licenses are a non-depleting asset;

existing FCC licenses are integral to our business segments and will contribute to cash flows indefinitely;

replacement DBS satellite applications are generally authorized by the FCC subject to certain conditions, without substantial cost under a stable regulatory, legislative and legal environment;

maintenance expenditures to obtain future cash flows are not significant;

FCC licenses are not technologically dependent; and

we intend to use these assets indefinitely.

Changes in circumstances or market conditions could result in a write-down of any of the above wireless spectrum licenses in the future.

Capitalized Interest

Business Combinations

Long-Term Deferred Revenue, Distribution and Carriage Payments

Long-Term Deferred Revenue and Other Long-Term Liabilities

Sales Taxes

Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1, defined as observable inputs being quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;

Deferred Debt Issuance Costs And Debt Discounts

Deferred Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discounts

Costs of issuing debt are generally deferred and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the terms of the respective notes.

See Note 9 for further information.

Revenue Recognition

Contract Balances

Assets Recognized Related to the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Subscriber

Impact of Adoption of ASU 2014-09

In addition, we are providing additional disclosures comparing the results under previous guidance to those as follows:


Consolidated Statements of Operations	DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standards)		Impact of adopting ASU 2014-09		DISH Network (as currently reported)
	(In thousands)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Subscriber-related revenue	$	13,473,177	$	(17,089)	$	13,456,088
Subscriber-related expenses	$	8,557,738	$	(13,161)	$	8,544,577
Total subscriber acquisition costs	$	927,547	$	(158,240)	$	769,307
Operating income (loss)	$	1,993,309	$	154,312	$	2,147,621
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	2,034,863	$	154,312	$	2,189,175
Income tax (provision) benefit, net	$	(495,558)	$	(38,126)	$	(533,684)
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network	$	1,458,905	$	116,186	$	1,575,091
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	2.77	$	0.23	$	3.00

Consolidated Balance Sheets	DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standards)		Impact of adopting ASU 2014-09		DISH Network (as currently reported)
	(In thousands)
As of December 31, 2018
Inventory	$	261,196	$	29,537	$	290,733
Other current assets	$	240,471	$	49,329	$	289,800
Other noncurrent assets, net	$	326,496	$	119,581	$	446,077
Total assets	$	30,388,565	$	198,447	$	30,587,012
Deferred revenue and other	$	616,943	$	38,369	$	655,312
Deferred tax liabilities	$	2,435,988	$	38,919	$	2,474,907
Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities	$	468,279	$	2,653	$	470,932
Total liabilities	$	21,452,814	$	79,941	$	21,532,755
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	8,475,683	$	118,506	$	8,594,189
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	30,388,565	$	198,447	$	30,587,012

The adoption of ASU 2014-09 had no impact to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Subscriber-Related Expenses

Cost of Sales – Equipment and Other

Subscriber Acquisition Costs

“Subscriber acquisition advertising” includes advertising and marketing expenses related to the acquisition of new Pay-TV and broadband subscribers. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and Development

Derivative Financial Instruments

As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we did not hold any derivative financial instruments. See Note 6 for further information.

Equipment Lease Programs

New Accounting Pronouncements

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

Schedule of impact of ASU 2014-09


Consolidated Statements of Operations	DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standards)		Impact of adopting ASU 2014-09		DISH Network (as currently reported)
	(In thousands)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Subscriber-related revenue	$	13,473,177	$	(17,089)	$	13,456,088
Subscriber-related expenses	$	8,557,738	$	(13,161)	$	8,544,577
Total subscriber acquisition costs	$	927,547	$	(158,240)	$	769,307
Operating income (loss)	$	1,993,309	$	154,312	$	2,147,621
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	2,034,863	$	154,312	$	2,189,175
Income tax (provision) benefit, net	$	(495,558)	$	(38,126)	$	(533,684)
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network	$	1,458,905	$	116,186	$	1,575,091
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	2.77	$	0.23	$	3.00

Consolidated Balance Sheets	DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standards)		Impact of adopting ASU 2014-09		DISH Network (as currently reported)
	(In thousands)
As of December 31, 2018
Inventory	$	261,196	$	29,537	$	290,733
Other current assets	$	240,471	$	49,329	$	289,800
Other noncurrent assets, net	$	326,496	$	119,581	$	446,077
Total assets	$	30,388,565	$	198,447	$	30,587,012
Deferred revenue and other	$	616,943	$	38,369	$	655,312
Deferred tax liabilities	$	2,435,988	$	38,919	$	2,474,907
Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities	$	468,279	$	2,653	$	470,932
Total liabilities	$	21,452,814	$	79,941	$	21,532,755
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	8,475,683	$	118,506	$	8,594,189
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	30,388,565	$	198,447	$	30,587,012

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Table presents EPS amounts for all periods and the basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculation


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
		(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income (loss)	$	1,655,491	$	2,165,407	$	1,550,785
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax		80,400		66,718		52,846
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network - Basic		1,575,091		2,098,689		1,497,939
Interest on dilutive Convertible Notes, net of tax (1)		—		30,028		27,515
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network - Diluted	$	1,575,091	$	2,128,717	$	1,525,454

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - Class A and B common stock:
Basic		467,350		466,021		464,807
Dilutive impact of Convertible Notes		58,192		55,692		18,361
Dilutive impact of stock awards outstanding		290		883		994
Diluted		525,832		522,596		484,162

Earnings per share - Class A and B common stock:
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	3.37	$	4.50	$	3.22
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	3.00	$	4.07	$	3.15

Schedule of dilutive securities not included in the diluted EPS calculation

	As of December 31,
	2018	2017	2016
	(In thousands)
Anti-dilutive stock awards	4,377	1,694	1,870
Performance based options (1)	8,970	5,491	4,312
Restricted Performance Units/Awards	1,726	2,436	1,336
Common stock warrants	46,029	46,029	46,029
Total	61,102	55,650	53,547

(1)

Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows

Schedule of supplemental cash flow and other non-cash data

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Cash paid for interest (including capitalized interest)	$	921,238	$	996,183	$	775,300
Cash received for interest		15,037		6,925		15,020
Cash paid for income taxes		31,308		40,362		439,570
Capitalized interest (1)		1,012,177		1,015,901		844,330
Initial equity component of the 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024, net of deferred taxes of $92,512 (2)		—		159,869		—
Initial equity component of the 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026, net of deferred taxes of $286,322 (2)		—		—		487,521
Employee benefits paid in Class A common stock		27,322		23,164		25,146
Assets financed under capital lease obligations		142		1,573		7,850
Vendor financing		—		—		20,000

(1)

See Note 2 for further information.

(2)

See Note 9 for further information.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Schedule of tax effects allocated to component of other comprehensive income (loss)


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018						2017						2016
	Before		Tax		Net		Before		Tax		Net		Before		Tax		Net
	Tax		(Expense)		of Tax		Tax		(Expense)		of Tax		Tax		(Expense)		of Tax
	Amount		Benefit		Amount		Amount		Benefit		Amount		Amount		Benefit (1)		Amount
	(In thousands)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	(1,343)	$	—	$	(1,343)	$	1,027	$	—	$	1,027	$	—	$	—	$	—
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities		(529)		122		(407)		9,671		(3,525)		6,146		3,050		(1,111)		1,939
Recognition of previously unrealized (gains) losses on available-for-sale securities included in net income (loss)		(8)		2		(6)		(11,129)		4,057		(7,072)		(99,312)		36,173		(63,139)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,880)	$	124	$	(1,756)	$	(431)	$	532	$	101	$	(96,262)	$	35,062	$	(61,200)

Schedule of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)


		Foreign		Unrealized/
		Currency		Recognized
		Translation		Gains
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Adjustment		(Losses)	Total
	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	—	$	781	$	781
Foreign currency translation adjustments		1,027		—		1,027
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		—		6,146		6,146
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		—		(7,072)		(7,072)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	1,027	$	(145)	$	882
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1,343)		—		(1,343)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		—		(407)		(407)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		—		(6)		(6)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	(316)	$	(558)	$	(874)

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities

Schedule of marketable investment securities, restricted cash and cash equivalents, and other investment securities


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Marketable investment securities:
Current marketable investment securities:
Strategic - available-for-sale	$	193	$	195
Strategic - trading/equity (Note 2)		2,370		93,367
Other		1,178,908		407,603
Total current marketable investment securities		1,181,471		501,165
Restricted marketable investment securities (1)		67,019		72,014
Total marketable investment securities		1,248,490		573,179

Restricted cash and cash equivalents (1)		578		393

Other investment securities:
Other investment securities		118,992		113,460
Total other investment securities		118,992		113,460

Total marketable investment securities, restricted cash and cash equivalents, and other investment securities	$	1,368,060	$	687,032

(1)

Schedule of components of available-for-sale investments


	As of December 31,
	2018								2017
	Marketable								Marketable
	Investment		Unrealized						Investment		Unrealized
	Securities		Gains		Losses		Net		Securities		Gains		Losses		Net
	(In thousands)
Debt securities (including restricted):
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	66,823	$	40	$	(19)	$	21	$	84,286	$	22	$	(141)	$	(119)
Commercial paper		367,488		—		—		—		107,962		—		(10)		(10)
Corporate securities		805,259		91		(899)		(808)		282,256		—		(124)		(124)
Other		6,550		56		(2)		54		5,308		58		(1)		57
Total	$	1,246,120	$	187	$	(920)	$	(733)	$	479,812	$	80	$	(276)	$	(196)

Schedule of available-for-sale securities in continuous unrealized loss position by length of time and their fair value


	As of December 31,
	2018				2017
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Loss		Value		Loss
	(In thousands)
Debt securities:
Less than 12 months	$	647,241	$	(918)	$	410,145	$	(156)
12 months or more		137		(2)		34,340		(120)
Total	$	647,378	$	(920)	$	444,485	$	(276)

Schedule of fair value measurements


	As of December 31,
	2018								2017
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Cash equivalents (including restricted)	$	859,220	$	30,858	$	828,362	$	—	$	1,425,798	$	655	$	1,425,143	$	—

Debt securities (including restricted):
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	66,823	$	66,823	$	—	$	—	$	84,286	$	84,286	$	—	$	—
Commercial paper		367,488		—		367,488		—		107,962		—		107,962		—
Corporate securities		805,259		—		805,259		—		282,256		—		282,256		—
Other		6,550		—		6,357		193		5,308		—		5,113		195

Equity securities		2,370		2,370		—		—		93,367		93,367		—		—
Total	$	1,248,490	$	69,193	$	1,179,104	$	193	$	573,179	$	177,653	$	395,331	$	195

Schedule of changes in Level 3 instruments


	Level 3
	Investment
	Securities
	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	6,721
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings		(10,488)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)		9,199
Purchases		—
Sales		(5,099)
Settlements		(138)
Issuances		—
Transfers into or out of Level 3		—
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	195
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings		—
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)		4
Purchases		—
Sales		—
Settlements		(6)
Issuances		—
Transfers into or out of Level 3		—
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	193

Schedule of gains and losses on sales and changes in carrying amounts of investments



	For the Years Ended December 31,
Other, net:	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Marketable investment securities - realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)	$	8,165	$	90,979	$	116,550
Derivative financial instruments - net realized and/or unrealized gains (losses)		—		—		5,405
Marketable investment securities - other-than-temporary impairments		—		—		(2,863)
Non-marketable investment securities - gains (losses) on sales/exchanges		—		10,488		—
Costs related to early redemption of debt		(3,261)		(1,470)		—
Gain (loss) on sale of subsidiary		7,004		—		—
Equity in earnings of affiliates		(2,110)		2,163		2,508
Other		2,003		2,328		(2,285)
Total	$	11,801	$	104,488	$	119,315

(1)

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded unrealized losses of $2 million related to equity securities held as of December 31, 2018.

Inventory (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory

Schedule of inventory


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Finished goods	$	215,186	$	248,233
Work-in-process and service repairs		56,871		54,455
Raw materials		18,676		18,320
Total inventory	$	290,733	$	321,008

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property and Equipment.

Schedule of property and equipment


	Depreciable
	Life			As of December 31,
	(In Years)			2018		2017
				(In thousands)
Equipment leased to customers	2	-	5	$	2,016,965	$	2,323,100
EchoStar XV		15			277,658		277,658
EchoStar XVIII		15			411,255		411,255
D1		N/A			55,000		55,000
T1		14.25			100,000		100,000
Satellites acquired under capital lease agreements	10	-	15		499,819		499,819
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other	2	-	10		1,923,585		1,779,109
Buildings and improvements	4	-	40		290,650		293,571
Land		—			13,186		14,057
Construction in progress		—			100,560		103,176
Total property and equipment					5,688,678		5,856,745
Accumulated depreciation					(3,760,498)		(3,673,084)
Property and equipment, net				$	1,928,180	$	2,183,661

Schedule of depreciation and amortization expense



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Equipment leased to customers	$	444,928	$	554,272	$	674,445
Satellites		100,343		114,821		96,965
Buildings, furniture, fixtures, equipment and other		166,753		148,471		149,792
Total depreciation and amortization	$	712,024	$	817,564	$	921,202

Schedule of pay-TV satellite fleet


			Estimated
			Useful Life
		Degree	(Years)/Lease
	Launch	Orbital	Termination
Satellites	Date	Location	Date
Owned:
EchoStar XV	July 2010	61.5	15
EchoStar XVIII	June 2016	61.5	15

Leased from EchoStar (1):
EchoStar IX	August 2003	121	Month to month
EchoStar X (2)	February 2006	110	February 2021
EchoStar XI (2)	July 2008	110	September 2021
EchoStar XIV (2)	March 2010	119	February 2023
EchoStar XVI (3)	November 2012	61.5	January 2023
Nimiq 5	September 2009	72.7	September 2019
QuetzSat-1	September 2011	77	November 2021

Leased from Other Third Party:
Anik F3	April 2007	118.7	April 2022
Ciel II (4)	December 2008	129	January 2020

(1)

See Note 18 for further information on our Related Party Transactions with EchoStar.

(2)

We generally have the option to renew each lease on a year-to-year basis through the end of the useful life of the respective satellite.

(3)

We have the option to renew this lease for an additional five-year period.

(4)

During the fourth quarter 2018, we renewed this lease.

Schedule of AWS-4 Satellites


		Degree	Estimated
	Launch	Orbital	Useful Life
Satellites	Date	Location	(Years)
Owned:
T1	July 2009	111.1	14.25
D1	April 2008	92.85	N/A

Schedule of identifiable intangibles subject to amortization


	As of
	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Intangible		Accumulated		Intangible		Accumulated
	Assets		Amortization		Assets		Amortization
	(In thousands)
Technology-based	$	63,077	$	(53,998)	$	63,077	$	(48,416)
Trademarks		37,010		(28,634)		37,010		(24,517)
Contract-based		13,149		(13,149)		13,149		(13,149)
Customer relationships		26,533		(26,533)		26,533		(26,533)
Total	$	139,769	$	(122,314)	$	139,769	$	(112,615)

Schedule of estimated future amortization of identifiable intangible assets

Estimated future amortization of our identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):


For the Years Ended December 31,
2019	$	7,402
2020		3,816
2021		1,288
2022		666
2023		654
Thereafter		3,629
Total	$	17,455

Schedule of FCC authorizations


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
DBS Licenses	$	611,794	$	611,794
700 MHz Licenses		711,871		711,871
MVDDS Licenses		24,000		24,000
AWS-4 Licenses		1,949,000		1,949,000
H Block Licenses		1,671,506		1,671,506
AWS-3 Licenses		9,890,389		9,890,389
600 MHz Licenses		6,211,154		6,211,154
Capitalized Interest (1)		3,667,247		2,656,075
Total	$	24,736,961	$	23,725,789

(1)

See Note 2 for further information.

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Schedule of carrying and fair values of the entity's debt facilities


	As of December 31,
	2018				2017
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018 (1)	$	—	$	—	$	1,025,861	$	1,031,596
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019 (2)		1,317,372		1,343,298		1,400,000		1,501,206
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020		1,100,000		1,089,957		1,100,000		1,127,588
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021		2,000,000		1,974,940		2,000,000		2,120,480
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022		2,000,000		1,833,140		2,000,000		2,014,140
5% Senior Notes due 2023		1,500,000		1,247,445		1,500,000		1,432,335
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024		2,000,000		1,611,960		2,000,000		1,952,220
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024		1,000,000		801,200		1,000,000		962,860
7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026		2,000,000		1,653,720		2,000,000		2,118,400
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026		3,000,000		2,436,690		3,000,000		3,262,290
Other notes payable		39,715		39,715		44,928		44,928
Subtotal		15,957,087	$	14,032,065		17,070,789	$	17,568,043
Unamortized debt discount on the Convertible Notes		(833,906)				(925,360)
Unamortized deferred financing costs and other debt discounts, net		(37,388)				(46,782)
Capital lease obligations (3)		66,984				104,318
Total long-term debt and capital lease obligations (including current portion)	$	15,152,777			$	16,202,965

(1)

On April 2, 2018, we redeemed the principal balance of our 4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018.

(2)

(3)

Disclosure regarding fair value of capital leases is not required.

Schedule of interest on long-term debt


		Annual
	Semi-Annual	Debt Service
	Payment Dates	Requirements
		(In thousands)
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019	March 1 and September 1	$	110,250
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020	May 1 and November 1	$	56,375
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021	June 1 and December 1	$	135,000
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022	January 15 and July 15	$	117,500
5% Senior Notes due 2023	March 15 and September 15	$	75,000
5 7/8 % Senior Notes due 2024	May 15 and November 15	$	117,500
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024	March 15 and September 15	$	23,750
7 3/4 % Senior Notes due 2026	January 1 and July 1	$	155,000
3 3/8 % Convertible Notes due 2026	February 15 and August 15	$	101,250

Schedule of other long term debt and capital lease obligations


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Satellites and other capital lease obligations	$	66,984	$	104,318
Notes payable related to satellite vendor financing and other debt payable in installments through 2031 with interest rates ranging from approximately 1.9% to 8.8%		39,715		44,928
Total		106,699		149,246
Less: current portion		(24,621)		(42,663)
Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current portion	$	82,078	$	106,583

Future minimum lease payments under capital lease obligations

Future minimum lease payments under the capital lease obligations, together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):


For the Years Ended December 31,
2019	$	50,751
2020		48,032
2021		48,032
2022		16,032
2023		—
Thereafter		—
Total minimum lease payments		162,847
Less: Amount representing lease of the orbital location and estimated executory costs (primarily insurance and maintenance) including profit thereon, included in total minimum lease payments		(87,248)
Net minimum lease payments		75,599
Less: Amount representing interest		(8,615)
Present value of net minimum lease payments		66,984
Less: Current portion		(19,923)
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations	$	47,061

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682

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-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114775744&loc=d3e28541-108399

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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-Section 50
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109259400&loc=d3e21506-112644

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(e),(f))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690

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Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=75038535&loc=d3e64711-112823

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
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-Section 55
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114775985&loc=d3e28878-108400

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109259400&loc=d3e21475-112644

+ Details

Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

Schedule of components of the (provision for) benefit from income taxes


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Current (benefit) provision:
Federal	$	44,451	$	(71,141)	$	317,010
State		29,918		38,058		31,160
Foreign		4,616		3,736		10,840
Total current (benefit) provision		78,985		(29,347)		359,010

Deferred (benefit) provision:
Federal		383,096		(547,575)		469,927
State		64,000		69,076		35,418
Foreign		—		—		—
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance		7,603		(7,474)		1,463
Total deferred (benefit) provision		454,699		(485,973)		506,808
Total (benefit) provision	$	533,684	$	(515,320)	$	865,818

Schedule of reconciliation of amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal tax rate to income before taxes


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018	2017	2016
	% of pre-tax income/(loss)
Statutory rate	21.0	35.0	35.0
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	4.6	3.0	2.5
Tax Reform Act (1)	—	(72.6)	—
Nondeductible/Nontaxable items (2)	—	5.9	—
Other, net	(1.2)	(2.5)	(1.7)
Total (benefit) provision for income taxes	24.4	(31.2)	35.8

(1)

(2)

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
NOL, interest, credit and other carryforwards	$	114,227	$	55,505
Accrued and prepaid expenses		—		41,439
Stock-based compensation		21,323		14,904
Unrealized (gains) losses on available for sale and other investments		4,918		5,001
Deferred revenue		18,361		15,236
Total deferred tax assets		158,829		132,085
Valuation allowance		(26,244)		(18,642)
Deferred tax asset after valuation allowance		132,585		113,443

Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation		(443,128)		(496,873)
Accrued and prepaid expenses		(8,662)		—
FCC authorizations and other intangible amortization		(1,635,385)		(1,220,421)
Bases difference in partnerships and cost method investments (1)		(447,585)		(328,735)
Discount on convertible notes and convertible note hedge transaction, net		(72,732)		(81,346)
Other liabilities		—		(5,606)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(2,607,492)		(2,132,981)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$	(2,474,907)	$	(2,019,538)

(1)

Schedule of reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits


	For the Years Ended December 31,
Unrecognized tax benefit	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	393,916	$	358,023	$	336,586
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		10,350		12,798		40,492
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years		1,670		30,596		21,797
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years		(6,291)		(2,754)		(34,106)
Reductions based on tax positions related to settlements with taxing authorities		(8,328)		(1,634)		(3,628)
Reductions based on tax positions related to the lapse of the statute of limitations		(5,923)		(3,113)		(3,118)
Balance as of end of period	$	385,394	$	393,916	$	358,023

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Employee Benefit Plans

Schedule of expense recognized related to the 401(k) Plan


	For the Years Ended December 31,
Expense Recognized Related to the 401(k) Plan	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Matching contributions, net of forfeitures	$	10,300	$	7,070	$	6,546
Discretionary stock contributions, net of forfeitures	$	27,048	$	27,969	$	23,158

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Share-based compensation

Schedule of exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable


					Options Outstanding				Options Exercisable
					Number Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Number Exercisable as of December 31, 2018	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
$	—	-	$	10.00	18,800	0.25	$	6.34	18,800	0.25	$	6.34
$	10.01	-	$	20.00	621,537	1.49	$	15.37	21,537	1.33	$	15.07
$	20.01	-	$	30.00	1,284,883	2.73	$	27.61	744,883	2.72	$	27.40
$	30.01	-	$	40.00	6,683,886	8.73	$	35.78	223,131	3.71	$	34.83
$	40.01	-	$	50.00	1,765,405	8.52	$	47.49	143,700	6.54	$	46.54
$	50.01	-	$	60.00	2,456,378	7.34	$	57.54	343,752	6.01	$	57.05
$	60.01	-	$	70.00	1,351,150	7.38	$	64.17	265,350	6.23	$	65.47
$	70.01	-	$	80.00	20,000	1.00	$	72.89	20,000	1.00	$	72.89
$	—	-	$	80.00	14,202,039	7.45	$	42.08	1,781,153	4.25	$	41.41

Schedule of stock option activity


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
	Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Total options outstanding, beginning of period	8,847,734	$	43.90	7,923,009	$	36.21	6,845,685	$	31.13
Granted	7,494,012	$	38.41	3,468,626	$	59.66	1,901,000	$	54.41
Exercised	(267,905)	$	16.43	(514,401)	$	28.70	(431,092)	$	23.36
Forfeited and cancelled	(1,871,802)	$	39.67	(2,029,500)	$	44.64	(392,584)	$	50.03
Total options outstanding, end of period	14,202,039	$	42.08	8,847,734	$	43.90	7,923,009	$	36.21
Performance based options outstanding, end of period (1)	8,969,886	$	40.34	5,490,626	$	42.81	4,312,000	$	31.39
Exercisable at end of period	1,781,153	$	41.41	1,772,608	$	35.13	1,892,809	$	29.97

(1)

Schedule of realized tax benefits from stock awards exercised


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Tax benefit from stock awards exercised	$	1,664	$	9,347	$	5,006

Schedule of aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable


	As of December 31, 2018
	Options Outstanding		Options Exercisable
	(In thousands)
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	6,511	$	757

Schedule of restricted stock unit activity


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
	Restricted Stock Units/Awards	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Restricted Stock Units/Awards	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Restricted Stock Units/Awards	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Total restricted stock units/awards outstanding, beginning of period	2,484,720	$	51.16	1,336,000	$	32.11	1,382,250	$	32.01
Granted	—	$	—	1,871,375	$	63.87	67,060	$	56.35
Vested	(11,935)	$	63.49	(14,845)	$	62.58	(60)	$	49.15
Forfeited and cancelled	(712,560)	$	48.51	(707,810)	$	48.59	(113,250)	$	45.12
Total restricted stock units/awards outstanding, end of period	1,760,225	$	52.15	2,484,720	$	51.16	1,336,000	$	32.11
Restricted Performance Units/Awards outstanding, end of period (1)	1,726,250	$	51.92	2,435,500	$	50.91	1,336,000	$	32.11

(1)

Schedule of non-cash, stock-based compensation expense recognized


	For the Years Ended December 31,
Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
2019 LTIP	$	3,534	$	—	$	—
2017 LTIP		3,334		10,640		—
2013 LTIP (1)		(2,471)		(321)		2,565
Other employee performance awards		17,945		7,549		1,424
Total non-cash, stock-based compensation expense recognized for performance based awards	$	22,342	$	17,868	$	3,989

Schedule of awards outstanding pursuant to performance-based stock incentive plans


	As of December 31, 2018
Performance Based Stock Options	Number of Awards	Weighted- Average Grant Price
2019 LTIP	4,296,000	$	35.42
2017 LTIP	2,512,386	$	56.99
2013 LTIP	1,021,500	$	41.35
Other employee performance awards	1,140,000	$	21.31
Total	8,969,886	$	40.34

Restricted Performance Units/Awards
2013 LTIP	510,750
Other employee performance awards	1,215,500
Total	1,726,250

Schedule of allocated non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for all employees


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Subscriber-related	$	1,150	$	1,562	$	694
Satellite and transmission		262		1,761		—
General and administrative		34,849		26,618		12,343
Total non-cash, stock-based compensation	$	36,261	$	29,941	$	13,037

Schedule of assumptions of Black-Scholes option valuation model


	For the Years Ended December 31,
Stock Options	2018							2017							2016
Risk-free interest rate		2.09	%	-		2.98	%		1.34	%	-		2.29	%		1.06	%	-		2.27	%
Volatility factor		23.33	%	-		30.22	%		22.25	%	-		26.15	%		26.12	%	-		33.37	%
Expected term of options in years		2.8		-		5.5			3.8		-		5.5			5.4		-		10.0
Fair value of options granted	$	7.10		-	$	12.53		$	11.95		-	$	16.69		$	12.45		-	$	26.86

LTIP 2017, LTIP 2013 and Other

Share-based compensation

Schedule of unrecognized non-cash, stock-based compensation expense


Estimated Remaining Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense	2019 LTIP		2017 LTIP		2013 LTIP		Other Employee Performance Awards
	(In thousands)
Expense estimated to be recognized during 2019	$	14,122	$	—	$	—	$	17,946
Estimated contingent expense subsequent to 2019		26,410		20,910		34,342		64,313
Total estimated remaining expense over the term of the plan	$	40,532	$	20,910	$	34,342	$	82,259

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies

Schedule of future maturities of long-term debt, capital lease and contractual obligations


	Payments due by period
	Total		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter
	(In thousands)
Long-term debt obligations	$	15,957,087	$	1,322,070	$	1,104,503	$	2,004,626	$	2,004,756	$	1,504,569	$	8,016,563
Capital lease obligations		66,984		19,922		19,166		20,645		7,251		—		—
Interest expense on long-term debt and capital lease obligations		4,247,370		889,686		759,850		662,942		594,458		438,488		901,946
Satellite-related obligations		887,386		311,374		236,913		206,111		124,668		8,320		—
Operating lease obligations		162,335		38,561		25,482		20,915		16,208		10,371		50,798
Purchase obligations		1,392,861		1,296,580		48,966		29,284		18,031		—		—
Total	$	22,714,023	$	3,878,193	$	2,194,880	$	2,944,523	$	2,765,372	$	1,961,748	$	8,969,307

Segment Reporting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Segment Reporting

Schedule of assets, revenue, and operating income by segment


	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Total assets:
Pay-TV	$	28,981,608	$	28,353,581
Wireless		24,433,458		23,377,088
Eliminations		(22,828,054)		(21,956,903)
Total assets	$	30,587,012	$	29,773,766


					All
					Other &		Consolidated
	Pay-TV		Wireless (1)		Eliminations		Total
	(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Total revenue	$	13,621,198	$	580	$	(476)	$	13,621,302
Depreciation and amortization		698,336		13,688		—		712,024
Operating income (loss)		2,187,675		(40,054)		—		2,147,621
Interest income		1,495,371		—		(1,450,612)		44,759
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized		(1,013,062)		(452,556)		1,450,612		(15,006)
Other, net		8,957		2,844		—		11,801
Income tax (provision) benefit, net		(650,858)		117,174		—		(533,684)
Net income (loss)		2,028,083		(372,592)		—		1,655,491

Year Ended December 31, 2017
Total revenue	$	14,391,375	$	—	$	—	$	14,391,375
Depreciation and amortization		788,237		29,327		—		817,564
Operating income (loss)		1,759,130		(191,365)		—		1,567,765
Interest income		1,306,298		—		(1,265,292)		41,006
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized		(1,068,231)		(260,233)		1,265,292		(63,172)
Other, net		104,482		6		—		104,488
Income tax (provision) benefit, net		(473,370)		988,690		—		515,320
Net income (loss)		1,628,309		537,098		—		2,165,407

Year Ended December 31, 2016
Total revenue	$	15,212,302	$	—	$	—	$	15,212,302
Depreciation and amortization		877,342		43,860		—		921,202
Operating income (loss)		2,383,388		(64,127)		—		2,319,261
Interest income		1,006,243		3,745		(978,820)		31,168
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized		(876,375)		(155,586)		978,820		(53,141)
Other, net		32,867		86,448		—		119,315
Income tax (provision) benefit, net		(934,024)		68,206		—		(865,818)
Net income (loss)		1,612,099		(61,314)		—		1,550,785

(1)

Schedule of revenue by geographical region



	For the Years Ended December 31,
Revenue:	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
United States	$	13,578,254	$	14,351,558	$	15,111,832
Canada and Mexico		43,048		39,817		100,470
Total revenue	$	13,621,302	$	14,391,375	$	15,212,302

Revenue from external customers disaggregated by major revenue source



	For the Years Ended December 31,
Category:	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Pay-TV video and related revenue	$	13,197,994	$	13,877,196	$	14,576,699
Broadband revenue		258,094		383,216		457,240
Equipment sales and other revenue		165,214		130,963		178,363
Total	$	13,621,302	$	14,391,375	$	15,212,302

Contract Balances (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Contract Balances

Summary of activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts


Allowance for doubtful accounts	Balance at Beginning of Year		Charged to Costs and Expenses		Deductions		Balance at End of Year
	(In thousands)
For the years ended:
December 31, 2018	$	15,511	$	98,575	$	(97,120)	$	16,966
December 31, 2017	$	18,399	$	124,126	$	(127,014)	$	15,511
December 31, 2016	$	22,965	$	153,792	$	(158,358)	$	18,399

Schedule of changes in deferred revenue related to contracts with subscribers


	Contract
	Liabilities
	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	699,597
Recognition of unearned revenue		(6,855,912)
Deferral of revenue		6,791,333
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	635,018

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

Schedule of quarterly results of operations


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31		June 30		September 30		December 31
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Year ended December 31, 2018:
Total revenue	$	3,458,487	$	3,460,845	$	3,395,141	$	3,306,829
Operating income (loss)		529,506		572,660		562,703		482,752
Net income (loss)		385,321		460,286		452,598		357,286
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network		367,560		438,717		431,734		337,080

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	0.79	$	0.94	$	0.92	$	0.72

Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	0.70	$	0.83	$	0.82	$	0.64

Year ended December 31, 2017:
Total revenue	$	3,680,361	$	3,643,632	$	3,583,454	$	3,483,928
Operating income (loss)		607,320		252,103		449,051		259,291
Net income (loss)		390,075		58,762		315,265		1,401,305
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network		375,715		40,116		297,375		1,385,483

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	0.81	$	0.09	$	0.64	$	2.97

Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$	0.76	$	0.09	$	0.57	$	2.64

Related Party Transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

NagraStar

Schedule of transactions with related party


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Purchases (including fees):
Purchases from NagraStar	$	72,162	$	71,167	$	84,459

			As of December 31,
			2018		2017
			(In thousands)
Amounts Payable and Commitments:
Amounts payable to NagraStar			$	9,871	$	16,685
Commitments to NagraStar			$	3,888	$	4,927

Dish Mexico

Schedule of transactions with related party


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Sales:
Digital receivers and related components	$	1,227	$	1,891	$	52,324
Uplink services	$	5,426	$	3,994	$	4,059

			As of December 31,
			2018		2017
			(In thousands)
Amounts Receivable:
Amounts receivable from Dish Mexico			$	1,370	$	3,027

Organization and Business Activities (Details) item in Thousands, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended	84 Months Ended	120 Months Ended	132 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) segment item	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item
Spectrum Investments
Number of primary operating business units \| segment	2
Number of Pay-TV subscribers \| item	12,322			12,322
Payment to acquire certain wireless licenses and related assets		$ 11,000	$ 21,000	$ 21,000
Total debt and equity investments in subsidiaries	$ 10,000			$ 10,000
Sling TV Holding L.L.C.
Spectrum Investments
Number of Pay-TV subscribers \| item	2,417			2,417
Dish TV
Spectrum Investments
Number of Pay-TV subscribers \| item	9,905			9,905
Wireless
Spectrum Investments
Payment to acquire certain wireless licenses and related assets		$ 11,000		$ 11,000
Northstar Spectrum And SNR Holdco
Spectrum Investments
Total debt and equity investments in subsidiaries	$ 10,000			$ 10,000
Northstar Spectrum And SNR Holdco \| Wireless
Spectrum Investments
Total debt and equity investments in subsidiaries			$ 10,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 20, 2014	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 01, 2018
Accounting policy disclosures
Costs capitalized under the programs during the period					$ 14,000
Capitalized Contract Cost		$ 183,000
Amortization expense related to the programs		28,000
Total costs capitalized		169,000
Deferred taxes		2,474,907	$ 2,019,538
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Impairment of long-lived assets			145,918
Research and Development
Research and development cost		$ 24,000	$ 33,000	$ 41,000
Minimum
Marketable Investment Securities
Length of time an investment has been in a continuous loss position in which the decline in value would be evaluated on a case by case basis to determine if the decline in value is other-than-temporary				6 months
Length of time an investment has been in a continuous loss position in which the decline in value is considered other-than-temporary				9 months
Property and Equipment
Estimated Useful Life		2 years
Business Combinations
Acquired intangible assets, average finite useful life				1 year
Maximum
Marketable Investment Securities
Length of time an investment has been in a continuous loss position in which the decline in value is considered as temporary				6 months
Length of time an investment has been in a continuous loss position in which the decline in value would be evaluated on a case by case basis to determine if the decline in value is other-than-temporary				9 months
Property and Equipment
Estimated Useful Life		40 years
Business Combinations
Acquired intangible assets, average finite useful life				20 years
Northstar Manager LLC \| Minimum
Variable Interest Entity
Number of years after wireless spectrum license is granted until put right vests		5 years
Northstar Manager LLC \| Maximum
Variable Interest Entity
Number of years after wireless spectrum license is granted until put right vests		6 years
SNR Wireless Management LLC \| Minimum
Variable Interest Entity
Number of years after wireless spectrum license is granted until put right vests		5 years
SNR Wireless Management LLC \| Maximum
Variable Interest Entity
Number of years after wireless spectrum license is granted until put right vests		6 years
Satellite and Tracking Stock Transaction \| DISH Investors \| EchoStar
Accounting policy disclosures
Preferred tracking stock issued by related party	6,290,499
Satellite and Tracking Stock Transaction \| DISH Investors \| HSSC
Accounting policy disclosures
Preferred tracking stock issued by related party	81.128
ASU 2014-09
Accounting policy disclosures
Deferred taxes		$ 1,000
Cumulative effect of the change, net		2,319
ASU 2014-09 \| Accumulated Earnings (Deficit)
Accounting policy disclosures
Cumulative effect of the change, net		$ 2,319

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 3,306,829	$ 3,395,141	$ 3,460,845	$ 3,458,487	$ 3,483,928	$ 3,583,454	$ 3,643,632	$ 3,680,361	$ 13,621,302	$ 14,391,375	$ 15,212,302
Subscriber-related expenses									8,544,577	8,919,985	8,913,624
Total subscriber acquisition costs									769,307	1,204,261	1,456,492
Operating income (loss)	482,752	562,703	572,660	529,506	259,291	449,051	252,103	607,320	2,147,621	1,567,765	2,319,261
Income (loss) before income taxes									2,189,175	1,650,087	2,416,603
Income tax (provision) benefit, net									(533,684)	515,320	(865,818)
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network	$ 337,080	$ 431,734	$ 438,717	$ 367,560	$ 1,385,483	$ 297,375	$ 40,116	$ 375,715	$ 1,575,091	$ 2,098,689	$ 1,497,939	$ 1,497,939
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network	$ 0.64	$ 0.82	$ 0.83	$ 0.70	$ 2.64	$ 0.57	$ 0.09	$ 0.76	$ 3.00	$ 4.07	$ 3.15	$ 3.15
Subscriber-related revenue
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues									$ 13,456,088	$ 14,260,412	$ 15,033,939
Equipment sales and other revenue
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues									165,214	$ 130,963	$ 178,363
DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standard)
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Subscriber-related expenses									8,557,738
Total subscriber acquisition costs									927,547
Operating income (loss)									1,993,309
Income (loss) before income taxes									2,034,863
Income tax (provision) benefit, net									(495,558)
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network									$ 1,458,905
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network									$ 2.77
DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standard) \| Subscriber-related revenue
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues									$ 13,473,177
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of adoption ASU 2014-09
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Subscriber-related expenses									(13,161)
Total subscriber acquisition costs									(158,240)
Operating income (loss)									154,312
Income (loss) before income taxes									154,312
Income tax (provision) benefit, net									(38,126)
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network									$ 116,186
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network									$ 0.23
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of adoption ASU 2014-09 \| Subscriber-related revenue
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues									$ (17,089)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Inventory	$ 290,733	$ 321,008
Other current assets	289,800	329,394
Other noncurrent assets, net	446,077	393,426
Total assets	30,587,012	29,773,766
Deferred revenue and other	655,312	709,074
Deferred tax liabilities	2,474,907	2,019,538
Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities	470,932	470,487
Total liabilities	21,532,755	22,452,470
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	8,594,189	6,937,906	$ 4,611,323	$ 2,694,161
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	30,587,012	$ 29,773,766
ASU 2014-09
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities	1,000
DISH Network (as would have been reported under previous standard)
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Inventory	261,196
Other current assets	240,471
Other noncurrent assets, net	326,496
Total assets	30,388,565
Deferred revenue and other	616,943
Deferred tax liabilities	2,435,988
Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities	468,279
Total liabilities	21,452,814
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	8,475,683
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	30,388,565
Impact of adoption ASU 2014-09 \| ASU 2014-09
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Inventory	29,537
Other current assets	49,329
Other noncurrent assets, net	119,581
Total assets	198,447
Deferred revenue and other	38,369
Deferred tax liabilities	38,919
Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities	2,653
Total liabilities	79,941
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	118,506
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$ 198,447

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.75%								7.75%
Net income (loss)	$ 357,286	$ 452,598	$ 460,286	$ 385,321	$ 1,401,305	$ 315,265	$ 58,762	$ 390,075	$ 1,655,491	$ 2,165,407	$ 1,550,785	$ 1,550,785
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax									80,400	66,718	52,846	52,846
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network	$ 337,080	$ 431,734	$ 438,717	$ 367,560	$ 1,385,483	$ 297,375	$ 40,116	$ 375,715	1,575,091	2,098,689	$ 1,497,939	1,497,939
Interest on dilutive Convertible Notes, net of tax										30,028		27,515
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network - Diluted									$ 1,575,091	$ 2,128,717		$ 1,525,454
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - Class A and B common stock:
Basic (in shares)									467,350	466,021	464,807	464,807
Dilutive impact of Convertible Notes (in shares)									58,192	55,692		18,361
Dilutive impact of stock awards outstanding (in shares)									290	883		994
Diluted (in shares)									525,832	522,596	484,162	484,162
Earnings per share - Class A and B common stock:
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.92	$ 0.94	$ 0.79	$ 2.97	$ 0.64	$ 0.09	$ 0.81	$ 3.37	$ 4.50	$ 3.22	$ 3.22
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network (in dollars per share)	$ 0.64	$ 0.82	$ 0.83	$ 0.70	$ 2.64	$ 0.57	$ 0.09	$ 0.76	$ 3.00	$ 4.07	$ 3.15	$ 3.15
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.375%				2.375%				2.375%	2.375%

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share - Performance based stock (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	61,102	55,650	53,547
Strike price of the warrants	$ 86.08
Anti-dilutive stock awards
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	4,377	1,694	1,870
Performance based options
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	8,970	5,491	4,312
Restricted Performance Units/Awards
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	1,726	2,436	1,336
Common stock warrants
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	46,029	46,029	46,029

Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows
Cash paid for interest (including capitalized interest)	$ 921,238	$ 996,183	$ 775,300
Cash received for interest	15,037	6,925	15,020
Cash paid for income taxes	31,308	40,362	439,570
Capitalized interest	$ 1,012,177	1,015,901	844,330
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.75%
Employee benefits paid in Class A common stock	$ 27,322	23,164	25,146
Assets financed under capital lease obligations	$ 142	$ 1,573	7,850
Vendor Financing			$ 20,000
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024
Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.375%	2.375%
Initial equity component of the Convertible Notes net of deferred taxes		$ 159,869
Deferred taxes		$ 92,512
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026
Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows
Interest rate (as a percent)			3.375%
Initial equity component of the Convertible Notes net of deferred taxes			$ 487,521
Deferred taxes			$ 286,322
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024
Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.375%

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Other comprehensive income (loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax amount
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax amount	$ (1,880)	$ (431)	$ (96,262)
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax (expense) benefit
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax (expense) benefit	124	532	35,062
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,756)	101	(61,200)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax amount
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications, before tax	(1,343)	1,027
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications, net of tax	(1,343)	1,027
Unrealized/Recognized Gains (Losses)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax amount
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications, before tax	(529)	9,671	3,050
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(8)	(11,129)	(99,312)
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax (expense) benefit
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications, tax (expense) benefit	122	(3,525)	(1,111)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), tax (expense) benefit	2	4,057	36,173
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications, net of tax	(407)	6,146	1,939
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$ (6)	$ (7,072)	$ (63,139)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), balance at beginning of period, net	$ 882	$ 781
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,343)	1,027
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(407)	6,146
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(6)	(7,072)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), balance at end of period, net	(874)	882
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), balance at beginning of period, net	1,027
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,343)	1,027
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), balance at end of period, net	(316)	1,027
Unrealized/Recognized Gains (Losses)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), balance at beginning of period, net	(145)	781
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(407)	6,146
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(6)	(7,072)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), balance at end of period, net	$ (558)	$ (145)

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Marketable investment securities, restricted cash and other investment securities
Strategic - available-for-sale	$ 193	$ 195
Strategic - trading/equity (Note 2)	2,370	93,367
Marketable investment securities	1,181,471	501,165
Total marketable investment securities	1,248,490	573,179
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	578	393
Total other investment securities	118,992	113,460
Total marketable investment securities, restricted cash and cash equivalents, and other investment securities	1,368,060	687,032
Other investment securities
Marketable investment securities, restricted cash and other investment securities
Marketable investment securities	1,178,908	407,603
Other investment securities	118,992	113,460
Restricted Marketable Investment Securities [Member]
Marketable investment securities, restricted cash and other investment securities
Total marketable investment securities	$ 67,019	$ 72,014

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 28, 2017
Commercial paper \| Maximum
Other investment securities:
Debt term of Maturity	365 days
Corporate securities \| Maximum
Other investment securities:
Debt term of Maturity	18 months
NagraStar
Other investment securities:
Ownership interest (as a percent)	50.00%	50.00%

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities - Unrealized Gain (Losses) On Marketable Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Components of our available-for-sale investments
Marketable Investment Securities	$ 1,246,120	$ 479,812
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Marketable Investment Securities
Unrealized Gains	187	80
Unrealized Losses	(920)	(276)
Unrealized Gains Losses, Net	(733)	(196)
Accumulated net unrealized losses
Accumulated net unrealized loss, before tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,000)	1,000
Accumulated net unrealized loss, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,000)	1,000
Contractual maturities of restricted and non-restricted marketable investment securities
Debt securities with contractual maturities within one year	1,040,000
Debt securities with contractual maturities extending longer than one year through and including five years	206,000
US Treasury and agency securities
Components of our available-for-sale investments
Marketable Investment Securities	66,823	84,286
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Marketable Investment Securities
Unrealized Gains	40	22
Unrealized Losses	(19)	(141)
Unrealized Gains Losses, Net	21	(119)
Commercial paper
Components of our available-for-sale investments
Marketable Investment Securities	367,488	107,962
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Marketable Investment Securities
Unrealized Losses		(10)
Unrealized Gains Losses, Net		(10)
Corporate securities
Components of our available-for-sale investments
Marketable Investment Securities	805,259	282,256
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Marketable Investment Securities
Unrealized Gains	91
Unrealized Losses	(899)	(124)
Unrealized Gains Losses, Net	(808)	(124)
Other
Components of our available-for-sale investments
Marketable Investment Securities	6,550	5,308
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Marketable Investment Securities
Unrealized Gains	56	58
Unrealized Losses	(2)	(1)
Unrealized Gains Losses, Net	$ 54	$ 57

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities - Changes in Estimated Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair value of marketable investment securities in a loss position
Total	$ 647,378	$ 444,485
Unrealized loss on marketable investment securities in a loss position
Total	(920)	(276)
Debt securities
Fair value of marketable investment securities in a loss position
Less than 12 Months	647,241	410,145
12 Months or More	137	34,340
Unrealized loss on marketable investment securities in a loss position
Less than 12 Months	(918)	(156)
12 Months or More	$ (2)	$ (120)

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities - Investments Measured at Fair Value On A Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair value of marketable securities
Equity security	$ 2,370	$ 93,367
Fair value measurements on recurring basis
Fair value of marketable securities
Cash Equivalents (including restricted)	859,220	1,425,798
Total	1,248,490	573,179
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| US Treasury and agency securities
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	66,823	84,286
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Commercial paper
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	367,488	107,962
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Corporate securities
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	805,259	282,256
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Other
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	6,550	5,308
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Equity securities
Fair value of marketable securities
Equity securities	2,370	93,367
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 1
Fair value of marketable securities
Cash Equivalents (including restricted)	30,858	655
Total	69,193	177,653
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 1 \| US Treasury and agency securities
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	66,823	84,286
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 1 \| Equity securities
Fair value of marketable securities
Equity securities	2,370	93,367
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 2
Fair value of marketable securities
Cash Equivalents (including restricted)	828,362	1,425,143
Total	1,179,104	395,331
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 2 \| Commercial paper
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	367,488	107,962
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 2 \| Corporate securities
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	805,259	282,256
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 2 \| Other
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	6,357	5,113
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 3
Fair value of marketable securities
Total	193	195
Fair value measurements on recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Other
Fair value of marketable securities
Debt securities	$ 193	$ 195

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities - Changes in Level 3 Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair values transfers between Level 1 and Level 2
Fair value assets transfer from level 1 to level 2	$ 0
Fair value liabilities transfer from level 1 to level 2		$ 0
Fair value assets transfer from level 2 to level 1	0
Fair value liabilities transfer from level 2 to level 1		0
Investment Securities \| Level 3
Level 3 Investment Securities
Balance at the beginning of the year	195	6,721
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings		(10,488)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)	4	9,199
Sales		(5,099)
Settlements	(6)	(138)
Balance at the end of the year	$ 193	$ 195

Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investment Securities - Other Income Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Other Income (Expense)
Marketable investment securities - realized and unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities	$ 8,165	$ 90,979	$ 116,550
Derivative financial instruments - net realized and/or unrealized gains (losses)			5,405
Marketable investment securities - other-than-temporary impairments			(2,863)
Non-marketable investment securities - gains (losses) on sales/exchanges		10,488
Costs related to early redemption of debt	(3,261)	(1,470)
Gain (loss) on sale of subsidiary	7,004
Equity in earnings of affiliates	(2,110)	2,163	2,508
Other	2,003	2,328	(2,285)
Total	11,801	$ 104,488	$ 119,315
Unrealized losses on equity securities	$ 2,000

Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory
Finished goods	$ 215,186	$ 248,233
Work-in-process and service repairs	56,871	54,455
Raw materials	18,676	18,320
Total inventory	$ 290,733	$ 321,008

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 5,688,678	$ 5,856,745
Accumulated depreciation	(3,760,498)	(3,673,084)
Property and equipment, net	$ 1,928,180	2,183,661
Minimum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	2 years
Maximum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	40 years
Equipment leased to customers
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 2,016,965	2,323,100
Equipment leased to customers \| Minimum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	2 years
Equipment leased to customers \| Maximum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	5 years
EchoStar XV
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 277,658	277,658
Depreciable Life	15 years
EchoStar XVIII
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 411,255	411,255
Depreciable Life	15 years
D1
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 55,000	55,000
T1
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 100,000	100,000
Depreciable Life	14 years 3 months
Satellites acquired under capital lease agreements
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 499,819	499,819
Satellites acquired under capital lease agreements \| Minimum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	10 years
Satellites acquired under capital lease agreements \| Maximum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	15 years
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 1,923,585	1,779,109
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other \| Minimum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	2 years
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other \| Maximum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	10 years
Buildings and improvements
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 290,650	293,571
Buildings and improvements \| Minimum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	4 years
Buildings and improvements \| Maximum
Property and equipment
Depreciable Life	40 years
Land
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 13,186	14,057
Construction in progress
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 100,560	$ 103,176

Property and Equipment - Depreciation and Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Depreciation and amortization expense
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 712,024	$ 817,564	$ 921,202
Equipment leased to customers
Depreciation and amortization expense
Depreciation and amortization expense	444,928	554,272	674,445
Satellites
Depreciation and amortization expense
Depreciation and amortization expense	100,343	114,821	96,965
Buildings, furniture, fixtures, equipment and other
Depreciation and amortization expense
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 166,753	$ 148,471	$ 149,792

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Property and equipment
Impairment of long-lived assets \| $		$ 145,918
Number of other satellites to be relocated in the event of failure or loss of any satellite	1
AWS-4 Satellites
Property and equipment
Number of satellites in-orbit	2
Number of satellites under construction	1
EchoStar XV
Property and equipment
Estimated Useful Life	15 years
EchoStar XVI
Property and equipment
Term of renewal option	5 years
EchoStar XVIII
Property and equipment
Estimated Useful Life	15 years
EchoStar XVIII, including capitalized interest
Property and equipment
Number of satellites utilized in geostationary orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the equator	11
Owned Satellites	2
Number of satellites utilized under operating lease	7
Number of satellites utilized under capital lease	2
T1
Property and equipment
Estimated Useful Life	14 years 3 months
Net book value of long-lived assets before impairment \| $	$ 246,000
Net book value of long-lived assets \| $	$ 100,000

Property and Equipment and Intangible Assets - Estimated Future Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets	$ 139,769	$ 139,769
Accumulated Amortization	(122,314)	(112,615)
Amortization expense	10,000	8,000	$ 10,000
Goodwill	126,000
Estimated future amortization of identifiable intangible assets
2019	7,402
2020	3,816
2021	1,288
2022	666
2023	654
Thereafter	3,629
Total	17,455
Wireless
Intangible Assets
Goodwill	$ 126,000	126,000
Minimum
Intangible Assets
Useful life	5 years
Maximum
Intangible Assets
Useful life	20 years
Technology-based
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets	$ 63,077	63,077
Accumulated Amortization	(53,998)	(48,416)
Trademarks
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets	37,010	37,010
Accumulated Amortization	(28,634)	(24,517)
Contract-based
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets	13,149	13,149
Accumulated Amortization	(13,149)	(13,149)
Customer relationships
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets	26,533	26,533
Accumulated Amortization	$ (26,533)	$ (26,533)

Property and Equipment and Intangible Assets - FCC Authorizations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	$ 24,736,961	$ 23,725,789
DBS Licenses
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	611,794	611,794
700 MHz Licenses
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	711,871	711,871
MVDDS Licenses
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	24,000	24,000
AWS-4 Licenses
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	1,949,000	1,949,000
H Block Licenses
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	1,671,506	1,671,506
AWS-3 Licenses
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	9,890,389	9,890,389
600 MHz Licenses
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	6,211,154	6,211,154
Capitalized interest on FCC authorizations [Member]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
FCC authorizations	$ 3,667,247	$ 2,656,075

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations - Fair Value of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Aug. 08, 2016	Jun. 13, 2016	Apr. 05, 2013	Dec. 27, 2012	May 16, 2012	May 05, 2011	Aug. 17, 2009
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 15,957,087	$ 17,070,789
Fair Value	14,032,065	17,568,043
Unamortized debt discount on the Convertible Notes	(833,906)	(925,360)
Unamortized deferred financing costs and debt	(37,388)	(46,782)
Capital Lease obligations	66,984	104,318
Total long-term debt and capital lease obligations (including current portion)	$ 15,152,777	16,202,965
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.75%
4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.25%
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.875%
Debt repurchased	$ 82,000
Outstanding debt	$ 1,318,000
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.125%
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.75%
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.875%
5% Senior Notes due 2023
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.00%
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.875%
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 1,000,000	1,000,000
Fair Value	$ 801,200	$ 962,860
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.375%	2.375%
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 3,000,000	$ 3,000,000
Fair Value	$ 2,436,690	3,262,290
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 4 5/8% Senior Notes due 2017
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.625%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value		1,025,861
Fair Value		1,031,596
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.25%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 1,317,372	1,400,000
Fair Value	$ 1,343,298	1,501,206
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.875%								7.875%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 1,100,000	1,100,000
Fair Value	$ 1,089,957	1,127,588
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.125%				5.125%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 2,000,000	2,000,000
Fair Value	$ 1,974,940	2,120,480
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.75%							6.75%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 2,000,000	2,000,000
Fair Value	$ 1,833,140	2,014,140
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.875%						5.875%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 5% Senior Notes due 2023
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 1,500,000	1,500,000
Fair Value	$ 1,247,445	1,432,335
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.00%					5.00%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 2,000,000	2,000,000
Fair Value	$ 1,611,960	1,952,220
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.875%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.375%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 2,000,000	2,000,000
Fair Value	$ 1,653,720	2,118,400
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.75%			7.75%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.375%		3.375%
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS") \| Other notes payable
Debt Instrument
Carrying Value	$ 39,715	44,928
Fair Value	$ 39,715	$ 44,928

Long-Term Debt - Narratives (Details) - USD ($)						2 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Long-Term Debt - Narratives (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 20, 2014	Apr. 05, 2013	May 05, 2011	Oct. 05, 2009	Aug. 17, 2009	Jul. 26, 2012	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 17, 2017	Aug. 08, 2016	Jun. 13, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 27, 2012	May 16, 2012
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							7.75%
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 86.08
Total cost of convertible notes								$ 635,100,000
Cash proceeds from the sale of warrants								375,600,000
Stockholders equity							$ 8,594,189,000	4,611,323,000	$ 6,937,906,000				$ 2,694,161,000
Class A common stock
Debt Instrument
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 0.01		$ 0.01
DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Percentage of principal amount at which notes may be required to be repurchased in event of change of control							101.00%
4 5/8% Senior Notes due 2017 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							4.625%
4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							4.25%
4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							4.25%
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							7.875%
Aggregate principal amount				$ 400,000,000	$ 1,000,000,000
Loan balance maturity period				10 years	10 years
Debt repurchased							$ 82,000,000
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)					7.875%		7.875%
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							5.125%
Aggregate principal amount		$ 1,100,000,000
Loan balance maturity period		7 years
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)		5.125%					5.125%
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							6.75%
Aggregate principal amount			$ 2,000,000,000
Loan balance maturity period			10 years
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)			6.75%				6.75%
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							5.875%
Aggregate principal amount						$ 1,000,000,000									$ 1,000,000,000
Loan balance maturity period						10 years
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							5.875%								5.875%
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							2.375%		2.375%
Aggregate principal amount										$ 1,000,000,000
Loan balance maturity period							7 years
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
Effective Interest rate (as a percent)							7.00%
Convertible, Carrying Amount of Equity Component							$ 252,000,000
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 \| Class A common stock
Debt Instrument
Aggregate principal amount							$ 1,000
Convertible notes converted rate, shares							12.1630
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 82.22
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							2.375%
5% Senior Notes due 2023
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							5.00%
Aggregate principal amount														$ 1,500,000,000
5% Senior Notes due 2023 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							5.00%							5.00%
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							5.875%
Aggregate principal amount	$ 2,000,000,000
Loan balance maturity period	10 years
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							5.875%
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026
Debt Instrument
Aggregate principal amount												$ 2,000,000,000
Loan balance maturity period							10 years
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
Early redemption percent of principal amount							35.00%
7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							7.75%					7.75%
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026
Debt Instrument
Aggregate principal amount											$ 3,000,000,000
Loan balance maturity period							10 years
Redemption price as a percentage of principal amount							100.00%
Effective Interest rate (as a percent)							7.00%
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 \| Class A common stock
Debt Instrument
Aggregate principal amount							$ 1,000
Convertible notes converted rate, shares							15.3429
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 65.18
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 \| Class A common stock \| Convertible note hedges
Debt Instrument
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 65.18
Convertible notes converted into shares							46,000,000
Total cost of convertible notes							$ 635,000,000
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 \| Class A common stock \| Common stock warrants
Debt Instrument
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 86.08
Convertible notes converted into warrants							46,000,000
Cash proceeds from the sale of warrants							$ 376,000,000
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 \| Class A common stock \| Common stock warrants \| Minimum
Debt Instrument
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 65.18
Convertible notes converted rate							32.50%
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 \| Class A common stock \| Common stock warrants \| Maximum
Debt Instrument
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 86.08
Convertible notes converted rate							75.00%
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)							3.375%				3.375%
Additional Paid-In Capital
Debt Instrument
Stockholders equity							$ 3,379,093,000	$ 3,071,425,000	$ 3,296,488,000				$ 2,589,787,000
Additional Paid-In Capital \| 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026
Debt Instrument
Convertible, Carrying Amount of Equity Component							$ 774,000,000

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations - Interest on Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Aug. 08, 2016	Jun. 13, 2016	Apr. 05, 2013	Dec. 27, 2012	May 16, 2012	May 05, 2011	Aug. 17, 2009
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.75%
4 5/8% Senior Notes due 2017 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.625%
4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.25%
4 1/4% Senior Notes due 2018 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.25%
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.875%
Debt repurchased	$ 82,000
7 7/8% Senior Notes due 2019 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.875%								7.875%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 110,250
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.125%
5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2020 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.125%				5.125%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 56,375
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.75%
6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2021 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.75%							6.75%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 135,000
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.875%
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.875%						5.875%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 117,500
5% Senior Notes due 2023
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.00%
5% Senior Notes due 2023 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.00%					5.00%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 75,000
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.875%
5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.875%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 117,500
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.375%	2.375%
2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.375%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 23,750
7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.75%			7.75%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 155,000
3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 \| DISH DBS Corporation ("DDBS")
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.375%		3.375%
Annual Debt Service Requirements	$ 101,250

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations - Other Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations
Total	$ 106,699	$ 149,246
Less current portion	(24,621)	(42,663)
Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current portion	$ 82,078	106,583
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.75%
Capital lease obligations [Member]
Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations
Total	$ 66,984	104,318
Notes payable related to satellite vendor financing and other debt payable in installments through 2025 with interest rates ranging from approximately 1.9% to 12.5%
Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations
Total	$ 39,715	$ 44,928
Notes payable related to satellite vendor financing and other debt payable in installments through 2025 with interest rates ranging from approximately 1.9% to 12.5% \| Minimum
Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations
Interest rate (as a percent)	1.90%
Notes payable related to satellite vendor financing and other debt payable in installments through 2025 with interest rates ranging from approximately 1.9% to 12.5% \| Maximum
Other long-term debt and capital lease obligations
Interest rate (as a percent)	8.80%

Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Capital leased assets disclosures
Estimated fair value of satellites acquired under capital leases	$ 500,000
Accumulated depreciation on satellites acquired under capital leases	449,000	$ 407,000
Depreciation expense - capital leases	42,000	$ 42,000	$ 42,000
Future minimum lease payments under the capital lease obligations, together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments
2019	50,751
2020	48,032
2021	48,032
2022	16,032
Total minimum lease payments	162,847
Less: Amount representing lease of the orbital location and estimated executory costs (primarily insurance and maintenance) including profit thereon, included in total minimum lease payments	(87,248)
Net minimum lease payments	75,599
Less: Amount representing interest	(8,615)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	66,984
Less: Current portion	(19,923)
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations	$ 47,061
FSS Satellite Anik F3
Capital leased assets disclosures
Ku-band capacity leased (as a percent)	100.00%
Term of capital lease	15 years
Canadian DBS Satellite Ciel II
Capital leased assets disclosures
Satellite capacity leased (as a percent)	100.00%
Initial Term of capital lease	10 years

Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
NOL for federal income tax purposes	$ 0
NOL benefit for state income tax purposes	32,000
Tax benefit related to credit carryforwards	71,000
Income tax benefit as result of Tax Reform Act	1,200,000
Current (benefit) provision:
Federal	44,451	$ (71,141)	$ 317,010
State	29,918	38,058	31,160
Foreign	4,616	3,736	10,840
Total current (benefit) provision	78,985	(29,347)	359,010
Deferred (benefit) provision:
Federal	383,096	(547,575)	469,927
State	64,000	69,076	35,418
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance	7,603	(7,474)	1,463
Total deferred (benefit) provision	454,699	(485,973)	506,808
Total (benefit) provision	533,684	(515,320)	865,818
Income (loss) before income taxes	2,189,175	$ 1,650,087	$ 2,416,603
Portion of Income (loss) before income taxes related to foreign operations	$ 14,000
Reconciliation of amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal tax rate to income before taxes
Statutory rate (as a percent)	21.00%	35.00%	35.00%
State income taxes, net of Federal benefits (as a percent)	4.60%	3.00%	2.50%
Tax Reform Act (as a percent)		(72.60%)
Nondeductible/Nontaxable items (as a percent)		5.90%
Other (as a percent)	(1.20%)	(2.50%)	(1.70%)
Total (benefit) provision for income taxes (as a percent)	24.40%	(31.20%)	35.80%
Litigation expense (Note 14)		$ 295,695	$ 21,148
Deferred tax assets:
NOL, credit and other carryforwards	$ 114,227	55,505
Accrued expenses		41,439
Stock-based compensation	21,323	14,904
Unrealized (gains) losses on available for sale and other investments	4,918	5,001
Deferred revenue	18,361	15,236
Total deferred tax assets	158,829	132,085
Valuation allowance	(26,244)	(18,642)
Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance, Total	132,585	113,443
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation	(443,128)	(496,873)
Accrued and prepaid expenses	(8,662)
FCC authorizations and other intangible amortization	(1,635,385)	(1,220,421)
Bases difference in partnerships and cost method investments	(447,585)	(328,735)
Discount on convertible notes and convertible note hedge transaction, net	(72,732)	(81,346)
Other liabilities		(5,606)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(2,607,492)	(2,132,981)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	(2,474,907)	(2,019,538)
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits
Balance as of beginning of period	393,916	358,023	336,586
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	10,350	12,798	40,492
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years	1,670	30,596	21,797
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years	(6,291)	(2,754)	(34,106)
Reductions based on tax positions related to settlements with taxing authorities	(8,328)	(1,634)	(3,628)
Reductions based on tax positions related to the lapse of the statute of limitations	(5,923)	(3,113)	(3,118)
Balance as of end of period	385,394	$ 393,916	$ 358,023
FTC Action [Member]
Reconciliation of amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal tax rate to income before taxes
Litigation expense (Note 14)	$ 255,000

Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
Unrecognized tax benefits if recognized, could favorably affect our effective tax rate	$ 377
Interest	13	$ 13	$ 11
Accrued interest and penalties	$ 53	$ 40

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018 item $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares shares
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 86.08
Preferred Stock, shares authorized	20,000,000
Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.01
Class A common stock
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Common stock, shares authorized	1,600,000,000	1,600,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares outstanding	229,448,857	228,033,671
Votes per share	1
Class B common stock
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Common stock, shares authorized	800,000,000	800,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares outstanding	238,435,208	238,435,208
Votes per share	10
Number of shares of Class A common stock into which each share of common stock is convertible	1
Class C common stock
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Common stock, shares authorized	800,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares outstanding	0
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	0
Votes per share	1
Number of shares of Class A common stock into which each share of common stock is convertible	1
Votes per share in the event of change of control \| item	10

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Oct. 29, 2018	Dec. 31, 2015
Information regarding repurchase of Class A common stock
Treasury stock, number of shares held					56,118,260
Class A common stock
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Maximum amount authorized for common stock repurchase under common stock repurchase program	$ 1.0
Amount authorized for common stock repurchase under common stock repurchase program				$ 1.0
Information regarding repurchase of Class A common stock
Dollar value of shares repurchased	$ 1.0
Total number of shares repurchased	0	0	0
Number of treasury stock shares retired			56,118,260

Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
401(k) Employee Savings Plan
Employer matching contribution as a percentage of voluntary employee contributions under 401(k) plan	50.00%
Employer maximum annual contribution per employee under 401(k) plan	$ 2,500
Expense recognized related to 401(k) plan
Matching contributions, net of forfeitures	10,300,000	$ 7,070,000	$ 6,546,000
Discretionary stock contributions, net of forfeitures	$ 27,048,000	$ 27,969,000	$ 23,158,000
Class A common stock
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Shares of common stock available for future grant under stock incentive plans	60.1
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Minimum number of calendar quarters to be employed for full-time employees to be eligible to participate in the ESPP	3 months
Maximum fair value of capital stock permitted to be purchased by employees in any one year under ESPP	$ 25,000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| Class A common stock
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Number of shares authorized to be issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)	3.8
Purchase price as percentage of closing market price on the last business day of each calendar quarter under ESPP	85.00%
Number of shares of common stock purchased under ESPP	0.6	0.3	0.2
Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| Class A common stock \| Maximum
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Shares of common stock available for future grant under stock incentive plans	0.8

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Share-based compensation
Stock Awards Outstanding (in shares)	8,969,886
Percentage of stock awards vesting per year	20.00%
Class A common stock
Share-based compensation
Stock Awards Outstanding (in shares)	14,200,000
Shares of common stock available for future grant under stock incentive plans	60,100,000
Stock options
Share-based compensation
Stock Awards Outstanding (in shares)	14,202,039	8,847,734	7,923,009	6,845,685
Maximum Expiration term	10 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Exercise Price for Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	8,969,886
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 40.34
Stock options
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 80.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	14,202,039	8,847,734	7,923,009	6,845,685
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	7 years 5 months 12 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 42.08	$ 43.90	$ 36.21	$ 31.13
Number of stock options exercisable	1,781,153	1,772,608	1,892,809
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	4 years 3 months
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 41.41	$ 35.13	$ 29.97
Stock options \| Range of Exercise Prices $00.00 - $10.00
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 10.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	18,800
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	3 months
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.34
Number of stock options exercisable	18,800
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	3 months
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.34
Stock options \| Range Of Exercise Prices $10.01 - $20.00
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, low end of range (in dollars per share)	10.01
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 20.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	621,537
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	1 year 5 months 27 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 15.37
Number of stock options exercisable	21,537
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	1 year 3 months 29 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 15.07
Stock options \| Range of Exercise Prices $20.01 - $30.00
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, low end of range (in dollars per share)	20.01
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 30.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	1,284,883
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	2 years 8 months 23 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 27.61
Number of stock options exercisable	744,883
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	2 years 8 months 19 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 27.40
Stock options \| Range of Exercise Prices $30.01 - $40.00
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, low end of range (in dollars per share)	30.01
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 40.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	6,683,886
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	8 years 8 months 23 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 35.78
Number of stock options exercisable	223,131
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	3 years 8 months 16 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 34.83
Stock options \| Range of Exercise Prices $40.01 - $50.00
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, low end of range (in dollars per share)	40.01
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 50.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	1,765,405
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	8 years 6 months 7 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 47.49
Number of stock options exercisable	143,700
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	6 years 6 months 15 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 46.54
Stock options \| Range of Exercise Prices $50.01 - $60.00
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, low end of range (in dollars per share)	50.01
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 60.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	2,456,378
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	7 years 4 months 2 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 57.54
Number of stock options exercisable	343,752
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	6 years 4 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 57.05
Stock options \| Range of Exercise Prices $60.01 - $70.00
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, low end of range (in dollars per share)	60.01
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 70.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	1,351,150
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	7 years 4 months 17 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 64.17
Number of stock options exercisable	265,350
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	6 years 2 months 23 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 65.47
Stock options \| Range of Exercise Prices $70.01 - $80.00
Exercise prices for stock options outstanding and exercisable
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, low end of range (in dollars per share)	70.01
Exercise prices, outstanding stock option awards, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 80.00
Number of stock options outstanding (in shares)	20,000
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	1 year
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 72.89
Number of stock options exercisable	20,000
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	1 year
Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 72.89

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Award Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Stock option activity
Total options outstanding, end of period (in shares)	8,969,886
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Total options outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 40.34
2019 LTIP
Stock option activity
Total options outstanding, end of period (in shares)	4,296,000
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Total options outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 35.42
Stock options
Stock option activity
Total options outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	8,847,734	7,923,009	6,845,685
Granted (in shares)	7,494,012	3,468,626	1,901,000
Exercised (in shares)	(267,905)	(514,401)	(431,092)
Forfeited and cancelled (in shares)	(1,871,802)	(2,029,500)	(392,584)
Total options outstanding, end of period (in shares)	14,202,039	8,847,734	7,923,009
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)	1,781,153	1,772,608	1,892,809
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Total options outstanding, beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 43.90	$ 36.21	$ 31.13
Granted (in dollars per share)	38.41	59.66	54.41
Exercised (in dollars per share)	16.43	28.70	23.36
Forfeited and cancelled (in dollars per share)	39.67	44.64	50.03
Total options outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	42.08	43.90	36.21
Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 41.41	$ 35.13	$ 29.97
Share-based compensation additional disclosures
Tax benefit from stock awards exercised	$ 1,664	$ 9,347	$ 5,006
Additional disclosures
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding	6,511
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable	$ 757
Stock options \| 2019 LTIP
Stock option activity
Total options outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	5,490,626	4,312,000
Total options outstanding, end of period (in shares)	8,969,886	5,490,626	4,312,000
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Total options outstanding, beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 42.81	$ 31.39
Total options outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 40.34	$ 42.81	$ 31.39

Stock-Based Compensation - Long-Term Performance-Based Plans (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Jun. 30, 2013
2019 LTIP
Share-based compensation additional disclosures
Percentage of performance goals probable of achievement	82.00%
LTIP 2008
Share-based compensation additional disclosures
Portion meeting vesting condition (as a percent)						100.00%
LTIP 2013
Share-based compensation additional disclosures
Portion meeting vesting condition (as a percent)	20.00%
Percentage of performance goals probable of achievement			30.00%	10.00%	20.00%
LTIP 2017
Share-based compensation additional disclosures
Percentage of performance goals probable of achievement	75.00%	75.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Restricted stock unit activity
Total restricted stock units outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	2,484,720	1,336,000	1,382,250
Granted (in shares)		1,871,375	67,060
Vested (in shares)	(11,935)	(14,845)	(60)
Forfeited and cancelled (in shares)	(712,560)	(707,810)	(113,250)
Total restricted stock units outstanding, end of period (in shares)	1,760,225	2,484,720	1,336,000
Weighted - Average Grant Date Fair Value
Total restricted stock units outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 51.16	$ 32.11	$ 32.01
Granted (in dollars per share)		63.87	56.35
Vested (in dollars per share)	63.49	62.58	49.15
Forfeited and cancelled (in dollars per share)	48.51	48.59	45.12
Total restricted stock units outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 52.15	$ 51.16	$ 32.11
Restricted Performance Units/Awards
Restricted stock unit activity
Total restricted stock units outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	2,435,500	1,336,000
Total restricted stock units outstanding, end of period (in shares)	1,726,250	2,435,500	1,336,000
Weighted - Average Grant Date Fair Value
Total restricted stock units outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 50.91	$ 32.11
Total restricted stock units outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 51.92	$ 50.91	$ 32.11

Stock-Based Compensation - Long-Term Performance-Based Plans - Additional (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Recognized non-cash stock-based compensation expense
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recognized	$ 36,261	$ 29,941	$ 13,037
Outstanding awards pursuant to performance-based stock incentive plans
Performance Based Stock Options (in shares)	8,969,886
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 40.34
Restricted Performance Units (in shares)	1,760,225	2,484,720	1,336,000	1,382,250
2019 LTIP
Recognized non-cash stock-based compensation expense
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recognized	$ 3,534
Estimated Remaining Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Remaining expense estimated to be recognized during 2016	14,122
Estimated contingent expense subsequent to 2016	26,410
Total estimated remaining expense over the term of plan	$ 40,532
Outstanding awards pursuant to performance-based stock incentive plans
Performance Based Stock Options (in shares)	4,296,000
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 35.42
LTIP 2013
Recognized non-cash stock-based compensation expense
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recognized	$ (2,471)	$ (321)	$ 2,565
Estimated Remaining Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Estimated contingent expense subsequent to 2016	34,342
Total estimated remaining expense over the term of plan	$ 34,342
Outstanding awards pursuant to performance-based stock incentive plans
Performance Based Stock Options (in shares)	1,021,500
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 41.35
LTIP 2017
Recognized non-cash stock-based compensation expense
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recognized	$ 3,334	10,640
Estimated Remaining Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Estimated contingent expense subsequent to 2016	20,910
Total estimated remaining expense over the term of plan	$ 20,910
Outstanding awards pursuant to performance-based stock incentive plans
Performance Based Stock Options (in shares)	2,512,386
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 56.99
Other Employee Performance Awards
Recognized non-cash stock-based compensation expense
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recognized	$ 17,945	7,549	1,424
Estimated Remaining Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Remaining expense estimated to be recognized during 2016	17,946
Estimated contingent expense subsequent to 2016	64,313
Total estimated remaining expense over the term of plan	$ 82,259
Outstanding awards pursuant to performance-based stock incentive plans
Performance Based Stock Options (in shares)	1,140,000
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 21.31
Restricted Performance Units (in shares)	1,215,500
Other Employee Performance Awards \| Continuing operations [Member]
Recognized non-cash stock-based compensation expense
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recognized	$ 22,342	$ 17,868	$ 3,989
Restricted Performance Units/Awards
Outstanding awards pursuant to performance-based stock incentive plans
Performance Based Stock Options (in shares)	1,800,000
Restricted Performance Units (in shares)	1,726,250	2,435,500	1,336,000
Restricted Performance Units/Awards \| LTIP 2013
Outstanding awards pursuant to performance-based stock incentive plans
Restricted Performance Units (in shares)	510,750

Stock-Based Compensation - Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Stock-Based Compensation
Non-cash, stock-based compensation	$ 36,261	$ 29,941	$ 13,037
Subscriber-related
Stock-Based Compensation
Non-cash, stock-based compensation	1,150	1,562	694
Satellite and Transmission
Stock-Based Compensation
Non-cash, stock-based compensation	262	1,761
General and administrative
Stock-Based Compensation
Non-cash, stock-based compensation	34,849	$ 26,618	$ 12,343
Non-Performance Based Stock Awards
Share-based expenses
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 36,000
Share-based compensation additional disclosures
Weighted average period for recognition of compensation cost	3 years 8 months 12 days

Stock-Based Compensation - Valuation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Stock-Based Compensation
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recognized	$ 36,261	$ 29,941	$ 13,037
Stock options
Black-Scholes option valuation model, assumptions
Risk free interest rate, low end of range (as a percent)	2.09%	1.34%	1.06%
Risk free interest rate, high end of range (as a percent)	2.98%	2.29%	2.27%
Volatility factor, low end of range (as a percent)	23.33%	22.25%	26.12%
Volatility factor, high end of range (as a percent)	30.22%	26.15%	33.37%
Stock options \| Minimum
Black-Scholes option valuation model, assumptions
Expected term of options	2 years 9 months 18 days	3 years 9 months 18 days	5 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted-average fair value of options granted (in dollars per share)	$ 7.10	$ 11.95	$ 12.45
Stock options \| Maximum
Black-Scholes option valuation model, assumptions
Expected term of options	5 years 6 months	5 years 6 months	10 years
Weighted-average fair value of options granted (in dollars per share)	$ 12.53	$ 16.69	$ 26.86

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands										1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended		84 Months Ended	120 Months Ended	132 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 07, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 06, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	May 11, 2017 USD ($)	Jul. 01, 2016 USD ($)	Oct. 01, 2015 USD ($)	Apr. 29, 2014 USD ($) segment	Oct. 29, 2013	Mar. 09, 2012 USD ($)	Aug. 18, 2015 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2008 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item	Apr. 13, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Commitment and Contingencies
Total												$ 22,714,023				$ 22,714,023
2019												3,878,193				3,878,193
2020												2,194,880				2,194,880
2021												2,944,523				2,944,523
2022												2,765,372				2,765,372
2023												1,961,748				1,961,748
Thereafter												8,969,307				8,969,307
Unrecognized tax benefits												385,394			$ 393,916	385,394		$ 358,023	$ 336,586
Expected expenditures for second phase of network deployment												$ 10,000,000				10,000,000
Payment to acquire certain wireless licenses and related assets														$ 11,000,000	21,000,000	$ 21,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)												7.75%				7.75%
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Noncontrolling Interest in Variable Interest Entity												$ 10,000,000				$ 10,000,000
Maximum
Commitment and Contingencies
Expected expenditures for wireless projects												1,000,000				1,000,000
Minimum
Commitment and Contingencies
Expected expenditures for wireless projects												$ 500,000				500,000
LMDS Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Number Of Markets \| item												4
Wireless
Commitment and Contingencies
Payment to acquire certain wireless licenses and related assets														$ 11,000,000		$ 11,000,000
Modified 700 MHz Final Build-out Requirement (as a percent)								70.00%
H Block Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Payment to acquire certain wireless licenses and related assets							$ 1,672,000
Number of wireless spectrum licenses \| segment							176
H Block Licenses \| Minimum
Commitment and Contingencies
Final Build-out Requirement (as a percent)												75.00%
700 MHz Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Payment to acquire certain wireless licenses and related assets													$ 712,000
600 MHz Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Number of wireless spectrum licenses \| item												486				486
Aggregate Bid Price																	$ 6,211,000
600 MHz Licenses \| Maximum
Commitment and Contingencies
Percent of coverage on available licensed geographic areas												75.00%
600 MHz Licenses \| Minimum
Commitment and Contingencies
Percent of coverage on available licensed geographic areas												40.00%
DBSD North America and TerreStar Transactions \| Wireless
Commitment and Contingencies
Purchase price									$ 2,860,000
AWS-4 Final Build-out Requirement (as a percent)												70.00%
Prior Arrangement \| Northstar Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Non-payment gross winning bids												$ 2,226,000				$ 2,226,000
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Number of licenses returned \| item												84
Northstar Spectrum And SNR Holdco
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Noncontrolling Interest in Variable Interest Entity												$ 10,000,000				10,000,000
Northstar Spectrum And SNR Holdco \| Wireless
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Noncontrolling Interest in Variable Interest Entity															$ 10,000,000
Northstar Spectrum And SNR Holdco \| AWS 3 Auction
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Percentage of bidding credit												25.00%
Northstar Spectrum And SNR Holdco \| AWS-3 Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Interim Build-out Requirement (as a percent)												40.00%
Final Build-out Requirement (as a percent)												75.00%
Accelerated period to meet Final Build-Out Requirement on failure to meet Interim Build-Out Requirement												2 years
Northstar Spectrum And SNR Holdco \| Northstar Operative Agreement \| American II
Commitment and Contingencies
Debt outstanding amount			$ 6,870,000								$ 6,870,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum
Commitment and Contingencies
Interim payment percentage												15.00%
Re-Auction payment												$ 1,892,000
Overpayment Of Interim Payment												334,000
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Noncontrolling Interest in Variable Interest Entity												$ 10,000,000				$ 10,000,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| Northstar Manager LLC
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Controlling interest owned by other companies												15.00%
Equity contribution						$ 133,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| American II
Commitment and Contingencies
Ownership percentage												85.00%
Loan made												$ 69,000
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Equity contribution						7,621,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| AWS 3 Auction
Commitment and Contingencies
Interim Payment												$ 334,000
Interim payment percentage												15.00%
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| Northstar Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Number of wireless spectrum licenses \| item												261				261
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Gross winning bids												$ 5,619,000
Bidding credit value										$ 1,961,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| AWS-3 Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Non-payment gross winning bids												2,226,000				$ 2,226,000
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Gross winning bids												$ 7,845,000
Percentage of bidding credit												25.00%
Net winning bid												$ 5,884,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| SNR Licenses
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Percentage of bidding credit										25.00%
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| Northstar Operative Agreement \| American II
Commitment and Contingencies
Principal amount of debt			$ 500,000								$ 500,000
Loan balance maturity period	10 years	7 years
Removal of consent for unsecured financing and equipment financing	$ 25,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| Northstar Operative Agreement \| American II \| Preferred Class A
Commitment and Contingencies
Number shares issued in conversion											6,870,493
Preferred stock quarterly distribution (as a percent)											12.00%
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| Northstar Operative Agreement \| American II \| Maximum
Commitment and Contingencies
Interest rate (as a percent)			12.00%								12.00%
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| Northstar Operative Agreement \| American II \| Minimum
Commitment and Contingencies
Interest rate (as a percent)			6.00%								6.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco
Commitment and Contingencies
Interim payment percentage												15.00%
Re-Auction payment												$ 1,029,000
Overpayment Of Interim Payment												$ 182,000
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| Maximum
Commitment and Contingencies
Preferred stock quarterly distribution (as a percent)	12.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| Minimum
Commitment and Contingencies
Preferred stock quarterly distribution (as a percent)	8.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| SNR Wireless Management LLC
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Controlling interest owned by other companies												15.00%
Equity contribution						93,000
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| American II
Commitment and Contingencies
Window of days for management to put its interest	90 days	30 days
Additional days allowed for management to put its interest	90 days
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| American II \| Maximum
Commitment and Contingencies
Preferred stock quarterly distribution (as a percent)	12.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| American II \| Minimum
Commitment and Contingencies
Preferred stock quarterly distribution (as a percent)	8.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| American III
Commitment and Contingencies
Number of wireless spectrum licenses \| item												244				244
Loan made												$ 344,000
Debt outstanding amount			$ 5,065,000								$ 5,065,000
Principal amount of debt			$ 500,000								$ 500,000
Window of days for management to put its interest	90 days	30 days
Additional days allowed for management to put its interest	90 days
Additional loan to pay gross winning bids												344,000
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Equity contribution						5,590,000
Gross winning bids												4,271,000
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| American III \| Preferred Class A
Commitment and Contingencies
Number shares issued in conversion \| item											5,065,415
Preferred stock quarterly distribution (as a percent)											12.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| American III \| Maximum
Commitment and Contingencies
Interest rate (as a percent)			12.00%								12.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| American III \| Minimum
Commitment and Contingencies
Interest rate (as a percent)			6.00%								6.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| AWS-3 Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Non-payment gross winning bids												1,211,000				$ 1,211,000
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| SNR Licenses
Commitment and Contingencies
Interim Payment												182,000
Non-payment gross winning bids												$ 1,211,000				1,211,000
Interim payment percentage												15.00%
Additional Bid Withdrawal Payment												$ 3,000
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Gross winning bids												$ 5,482,000
Percentage of bidding credit												25.00%
Net winning bid												$ 4,112,000
Bid withdrawal payment												$ 8,000
Bidding credit value										$ 1,370,000
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| Prior Arrangement \| SNR Licenses
Commitments relating to AWS-3 Auction
Number of licenses returned \| item												113
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| SNR Operative Agreement \| American III
Commitment and Contingencies
Removal of consent for unsecured financing and equipment financing	$ 25,000
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| SNR Operative Agreement \| American III \| Maximum
Commitment and Contingencies
Loan balance maturity period	10 years
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| SNR Operative Agreement \| American III \| Minimum
Commitment and Contingencies
Loan balance maturity period		7 years
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco Class B Interests [Member] \| American III
Commitment and Contingencies
Ownership percentage												85.00%
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco Class A Interests [Member] \| American III
Commitment and Contingencies
Ownership percentage												100.00%
FCC Wireless Bureau \| Auction 1000
Commitment and Contingencies
Payment to acquire certain wireless licenses and related assets					$ 1,500,000
Payment of remaining balance of winning bid				$ 4,711,000
Long-term debt obligations
Commitment and Contingencies
Total												$ 15,957,087				15,957,087
2019												1,322,070				1,322,070
2020												1,104,503				1,104,503
2021												2,004,626				2,004,626
2022												2,004,756				2,004,756
2023												1,504,569				1,504,569
Thereafter												8,016,563				8,016,563
Capital lease obligations [Member]
Commitment and Contingencies
Total												66,984				66,984
2019												19,922				19,922
2020												19,166				19,166
2021												20,645				20,645
2022												7,251				7,251
Interest expense on long-term debt and capital lease obligations
Commitment and Contingencies
Total												4,247,370				4,247,370
2019												889,686				889,686
2020												759,850				759,850
2021												662,942				662,942
2022												594,458				594,458
2023												438,488				438,488
Thereafter												901,946				901,946
Satellite-related obligations
Commitment and Contingencies
Total												887,386				887,386
2019												311,374				311,374
2020												236,913				236,913
2021												206,111				206,111
2022												124,668				124,668
2023												8,320				8,320
Operating lease obligations
Commitment and Contingencies
Total												162,335				162,335
2019												38,561				38,561
2020												25,482				25,482
2021												20,915				20,915
2022												16,208				16,208
2023												10,371				10,371
Thereafter												50,798				50,798
Purchase obligations
Commitment and Contingencies
Total												1,392,861				1,392,861
2019												1,296,580				1,296,580
2020												48,966				48,966
2021												29,284				29,284
2022												$ 18,031				$ 18,031
SNR Credit Agreement \| SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco
Commitment and Contingencies
Loan made						500,000,000
SNR Credit Agreement \| SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| American III
Commitment and Contingencies
Loan made			$ 500,000
Northstar Credit Agreement \| Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| American II
Commitment and Contingencies
Loan made						$ 500,000,000					$ 500,000

Commitments and Contingencies - Part 2 (Details)							1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies - Part 2 (Details)	Apr. 05, 2018 USD ($)	Oct. 06, 2017 USD ($)	May 22, 2017 $ / item	Sep. 23, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 22, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 23, 2013 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) item	Aug. 18, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 05, 2017 USD ($)
Loss contingencies
Total rent expense for operating leases											$ 383,000,000	$ 407,000,000	$ 409,000,000
Litigation Expense												$ 295,695,000	21,148,000
Turner Network Sales, Inc.
Loss contingency terms
Claim amount		$ 183,000,000
Satellite transponder guarantees
Loss contingencies
Guarantees for payments											$ 53,000,000
Northstar Spectrum And SNR Holdco \| AWS-3 Licenses
Loss contingencies
Interim Build-out Requirement (as a percent)											40.00%
Final Build-out Requirement (as a percent)											75.00%
Accelerated period to meet Final Build-Out Requirement on failure to meet Interim Build-Out Requirement											2 years
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| AWS-3 Licenses
Loss contingency terms
Percentage Of Bidding Credit											25.00%
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| AWS-3 Licenses \| Vermont National Telephone Company [Member]
Loss contingency terms
Percentage Of Bidding Credit				25.00%
Recovery amount				$ 10,000,000,000
Bidding Credit				$ 3,300,000,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| AWS-3 Licenses \| Minimum \| Vermont National Telephone Company [Member]
Loss contingency terms
Claim amount					$ 5,500
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| AWS-3 Licenses \| Maximum \| Vermont National Telephone Company [Member]
Loss contingency terms
Claim amount					$ 11,000
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| SNR Licenses
Loss contingency terms
Percentage Of Bidding Credit								25.00%
Northstar Wireless or Northstar Spectrum \| Northstar Licenses
Loss contingency terms
Bidding Credit								$ 1,961,000,000
SNR Wireless or SNR Wireless Holdco \| SNR Licenses
Loss contingency terms
Percentage Of Bidding Credit											25.00%
Bidding Credit								$ 1,370,000,000
Lightsquared Harbinger Capital Partners LLC
Loss contingencies
Business days allowed to terminate existing agreements											3 days
Do Not Call Litigation
Loss contingencies
Period of injunctive relief sought from placing any outbound telemarketing calls to market or promote its goods or services											5 years
Number Of Telemarketing Calls \| item							51,119
Litigation Per Call Damages							$ 400
Do Not Call Litigation \| Maximum \| OHIO
Loss contingencies
Claim amount from state plaintiff							10,000,000
Do Not Call Litigation \| Maximum \| CALIFORNIA
Loss contingencies
Claim amount from state plaintiff							100,000,000
Do Not Call Litigation \| Maximum \| Illinois And North Carolina [Member]
Loss contingencies
Claim amount from state plaintiff							$ 1,000,000,000
Krakauer Action
Loss contingencies
Litigation Expense									$ 20,000,000		$ 41,000,000
Third party Number Of Calls Made In Case Trebled Damages Per Call \| $ / item			1,200
Settlement amount awarded to other party	$ 61,000,000
Krakauer Action \| Other Accrued Expense
Loss contingencies
Litigation accrual											61,000,000
DISH Network L.L.C. \| Telemarketing Litigation
Loss contingencies
Damages awarded to state and federal plaintiff														$ 280,000,000
Litigation Expense										$ 255,000,000			$ 25,000,000
DISH Network L.L.C. \| Telemarketing Litigation \| Other Accrued Expense
Loss contingencies
Litigation accrual											280,000,000
DISH Network L.L.C. \| Do Not Call Litigation
Loss contingencies
Claim amount from state plaintiff											23,500,000,000
Loss contingency terms
Claim amount						$ 270,000,000
DISH Network L.L.C. \| Do Not Call Litigation \| Maximum
Loss contingencies
Claim amount from federal plaintiff											$ 900,000,000

Segment Reporting (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
Segment Reporting (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Segment information
Number of primary operating business units \| segment									2
Total assets	$ 30,587,012				$ 29,773,766				$ 30,587,012	$ 29,773,766
Revenues	3,306,829	$ 3,395,141	$ 3,460,845	$ 3,458,487	3,483,928	$ 3,583,454	$ 3,643,632	$ 3,680,361	13,621,302	14,391,375	$ 15,212,302
Depreciation and amortization									712,024	817,564	921,202
Operating income (loss)	482,752	562,703	572,660	529,506	259,291	449,051	252,103	607,320	2,147,621	1,567,765	2,319,261
Interest income									44,759	41,006	31,168
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized									(15,006)	(63,172)	(53,141)
Other, net									11,801	104,488	119,315
Income tax (provision) benefit, net									(533,684)	515,320	(865,818)
Income (loss)	357,286	$ 452,598	$ 460,286	$ 385,321	1,401,305	$ 315,265	$ 58,762	$ 390,075	1,655,491	2,165,407	1,550,785	$ 1,550,785
United States
Segment information
Revenues									13,578,254	14,351,558	15,111,832
Canada And Mexico
Segment information
Revenues									43,048	39,817	100,470
Pay-TV
Segment information
Revenues									13,621,198	14,391,375	15,212,302
Depreciation and amortization									698,336	788,237	877,342
Operating income (loss)									2,187,675	1,759,130	2,383,388
Interest income									1,495,371	1,306,298	1,006,243
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized									(1,013,062)	(1,068,231)	(876,375)
Other, net									8,957	104,482	32,867
Income tax (provision) benefit, net									(650,858)	(473,370)	(934,024)
Income (loss)									2,028,083	1,628,309	1,612,099
Pay-TV \| Operating segment
Segment information
Total assets	28,981,608				28,353,581				28,981,608	28,353,581
Wireless
Segment information
Revenues									580
Depreciation and amortization									13,688	29,327	43,860
Operating income (loss)									(40,054)	(191,365)	(64,127)
Interest income											3,745
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized									(452,556)	(260,233)	(155,586)
Other, net									2,844	6	86,448
Income tax (provision) benefit, net									117,174	988,690	68,206
Income (loss)									(372,592)	537,098	(61,314)
Wireless \| Operating segment
Segment information
Total assets	24,433,458				23,377,088				24,433,458	23,377,088
All Other and Eliminations
Segment information
Revenues									(476)
Interest income									(1,450,612)	(1,265,292)	(978,820)
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized									1,450,612	1,265,292	978,820
All Other and Eliminations \| Other and Eliminations
Segment information
Total assets	$ (22,828,054)				$ (21,956,903)				(22,828,054)	(21,956,903)
Pay-TV video and related revenue
Segment information
Revenues									13,197,994	13,877,196	14,576,699
Broadband revenue
Segment information
Revenues									258,094	383,216	457,240
Equipment sales and other revenue
Segment information
Revenues									$ 165,214	$ 130,963	$ 178,363

Contract Balances - Valuation And Qualifying Accounts Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Contract Balances
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Beginning Balance	$ 15,511	$ 18,399	$ 22,965
Charged to Costs and Expenses	98,575	124,126	153,792
Deductions	97,120	127,014	158,358
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Ending Balance	$ 16,966	$ 15,511	$ 18,399

Contract Balances - Deferred Revenues (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Contract Balances
Balance at Beginning of Period	$ 699,597
Recognition of unearned revenue	(6,855,912)
Deferral of revenue	6,791,333
Balance at End of Period	$ 635,018

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
Revenues	$ 3,306,829	$ 3,395,141	$ 3,460,845	$ 3,458,487	$ 3,483,928	$ 3,583,454	$ 3,643,632	$ 3,680,361	$ 13,621,302	$ 14,391,375	$ 15,212,302
Operating income (loss)	482,752	562,703	572,660	529,506	259,291	449,051	252,103	607,320	2,147,621	1,567,765	2,319,261
Net income (loss)	357,286	452,598	460,286	385,321	1,401,305	315,265	58,762	390,075	1,655,491	2,165,407	1,550,785	$ 1,550,785
Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network	$ 337,080	$ 431,734	$ 438,717	$ 367,560	$ 1,385,483	$ 297,375	$ 40,116	$ 375,715	$ 1,575,091	$ 2,098,689	$ 1,497,939	$ 1,497,939
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.92	$ 0.94	$ 0.79	$ 2.97	$ 0.64	$ 0.09	$ 0.81	$ 3.37	$ 4.50	$ 3.22	$ 3.22
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network (in dollars per share)	$ 0.64	$ 0.82	$ 0.83	$ 0.70	$ 2.64	$ 0.57	$ 0.09	$ 0.76	$ 3.00	$ 4.07	$ 3.15	$ 3.15

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=115929826&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 810
-SubTopic 10
-Section 55
-Paragraph 4K
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84234705&loc=SL4591552-111686

+ Details

Related Party Transactions (Details) $ in Thousands				1 Months Ended						3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Details) $ in Thousands	Aug. 19, 2016	Oct. 02, 2012	Apr. 29, 2011 USD ($) item	Mar. 31, 2017	Oct. 31, 2016 item	Sep. 30, 2012 item	May 31, 2012	Jan. 31, 2012 item	Dec. 31, 2009 item	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2012 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2009 item	Dec. 31, 2008 item
Related Party Transactions
Trade accounts receivable											$ 639,855	$ 653,948
Trade accounts payable											233,753	393,305
Subscriber-related expenses											769,307	1,204,261	$ 1,456,492
Satellite and transmission expenses											576,568	658,017	710,719
General and Administrative Expense											725,601	687,054	735,954
Capital contribution recorded in additional paid-in-capital for tax credits related to tax-sharing agreement											1,000
Noncontrolling interests											(1,499)	492
Net book value of asset											$ 17,455
American Fork Occupancy License Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Term of renewal option											5 years
Hughes Broadband Distribution Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Term of renewal option		1 year
Hughes Broadband Distribution Agreement \| Minimum
Related Party Transactions
Notice period for termination of agreement		180 days
EchoStar
Related Party Transactions
Trade accounts receivable											$ 4,000	2,000
Trade accounts payable											14,000	42,000
Equipment sales and other revenue											8,000	3,000	2,000
Subscriber-related expenses											42,000	71,000	92,000
Satellite and transmission expenses											315,000	353,000	357,000
General and administrative expenses - EchoStar											$ 21,000	29,000	14,000
EchoStar \| TiVo vs Dish Network and EchoStar Corporation
Related Party Transactions
Settlement amount			$ 500,000
Initial settlement amount paid			300,000
Aggregate of six annual installment amounts between 2012 and 2017, net of contribution from related party			$ 200,000
Litigation settlement number of annual installments \| item			6
Contribution from related party			$ 10,000
Percentage of litigation settlement amount to be made by related party			95.00%
EchoStar \| El Paso Lease Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Number of consecutive three year renewal options \| item								4
Term of renewal option								3 years
EchoStar \| 90 Inverness Lease Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Number of renewal options \| item											4
Term of renewal option											3 years
EchoStar \| Cheyenne Lease Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Number of renewal options \| item											12
Term of renewal option											1 year
EchoStar \| Gilbert Lease Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Number of renewal options \| item											12
Term of renewal option											1 year
EchoStar \| Collocation And Antenna Space Agreements
Related Party Transactions
Number of renewal options \| item											4
Term of renewal option											3 years
Notice period for termination of agreement											180 days
EchoStar \| EchoStar XVI
Related Party Transactions
Term of renewal option									5 years
Agreement term									4 years
Additional term of renewal option									5 years
EchoStar \| Nimiq 5 Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Agreement term															15 years
Number of DBS transponders available to receive services \| item									32						32
EchoStar \| DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Agreement term															10 years
Number of DBS transponders currently used \| item									32						32
EchoStar \| QuetzSat-1 Lease Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Agreement term																10 years
Number of DBS transponders available to receive services \| item																32
EchoStar \| QuetzSat-1 Transponder Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Number of DBS transponders currently used \| item																24
Number of transponders subleased \| item						5
EchoStar \| 103 degree orbital location member
Related Party Transactions
Agreement term							10 years
EchoStar \| 2012 TT&C Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Minimum required notice period for termination by the reporting entity								12 days
EchoStar \| Professional Services Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Automatic renewal period											1 year
Notice period for termination of agreement											60 days
Minimum notice period for termination of a specific service											30 days
EchoStar \| Patent Cross-License Agreements
Related Party Transactions
Payments to third party														$ 10,000
Payments to third party by related party under extension option														$ 3,000
EchoStar \| Rovi License Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Agreement term	10 years
Amount paid to related party											$ 0
EchoStar \| Sale of Orange, New Jersey Properties Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transactions
Number of parcels of real estate sold \| item					2
EchoStar \| Tax Sharing Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Net amount of the allocated tax attributes payable											84,000
EchoStar \| T2 Development Agreement \| T2 satellite
Related Party Transactions
Selling rights to use equipments to related party										$ 55,000
HNS \| Hughes Broadband Sales Agency Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Automatic renewal period				1 year
Notice period for termination of agreement				90 days
Agreement term				5 years
HNS \| Hughes Broadband Distribution Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Broadband equipment purchased from related parties											0	0	$ 9,000
HNS \| Hughes Broadband Master Services Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transactions
Broadband equipment purchased from related parties											$ 21,000	$ 22,000

Related Party Transactions - Part 2 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Feb. 28, 2017
NagraStar
Related Party Transactions
Ownership interest (as a percent)	50.00%			50.00%
Purchases from related party	$ 72,162	$ 71,167	$ 84,459
Amounts payable to related party	9,871	16,685
Commitments to related party	$ 3,888	4,927
Dish Mexico
Related Party Transactions
Ownership interest (as a percent)	49.00%
Amounts receivable from related party	$ 1,370	3,027
Dish Mexico \| Digital Set-top Boxes And Related Accessories
Related Party Transactions
Revenue from related party	1,227	1,891	52,324
Dish Mexico \| Uplink Services
Related Party Transactions
Revenue from related party	$ 5,426	$ 3,994	$ 4,059